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1. Impact of Nitrogen Application Timing on Corn ProductionWater quality issues have renewed interest in timing of nitrogen (N) application as a means to improve use efficiency in corn and reduce losses. Improved economic return is also desired as N fertilization is one of the most costly inputs to corn production. Time of fertilizer application is a component of the site-specific 4R nutrient management stewardship programs. In Iowa, the Nutrient Reduction Strategy has a 7% (37% std. dev.) nitrate-N reduction with a 0% (3% std. dev.) corn yield change... J. Sawyer, D. Barker, J. Lundvall |
2. Measuring Soil Quality Changes in Corn and Soybean RotationsSoil quality is described as the ability of the soil to sustain crop growth and development along with nutrient cycling and water infiltration and retention. One possible strategy to maintain or increase soil quality is crop rotation. Crop rotations have the potential to increase crop yields, disrupt diseaseand pest cycles, and when a legume is added to the rotation, reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements. Although the long-term productivity and sustainability of agriculture are dependent on maintaining... M. Adams, G. Behke, E. Nafziger, M. Villamil |
3. Assessing the Use of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Sugarbeet Yield and QualityA field study was initiated in Frankenmuth, MI to study the effects of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in comparison to standard nitrogen (N) programs on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality. The study was arranged as an 8 treatment randomized complete block design with four replications. All treatments received 40 pounds N/A as 28% UAN applied as a 2x2 (in) at planting with total N applications at 160 pounds N/A. Treatments consisted of urea sidedressed with light cultivation, N applied... C. Bauer, K. Steinke |
4. Can Soil Information Better Inform Canopy Sensor Algorithms for Corn?Corn production is often limited by the loss of nitrogen (N) due to leaching, volatilization and denitrification. The use of canopy sensors for making in-season N fertilizer applications has been proven effective in matching plant N requirements with periods of rapid N uptake (V7-V11), reducing the amount of N lost to these processes. However, N recommendation algorithms used in conjunction with canopy sensor measurements have not proven accurate in many fields of the U.S. Cornbelt, resulting in... , N.R. Kitchen, J. Camberato, P.R. Carter, R.B. Ferguson, F.G. Fernandez, D.W. Franzen, F.G. Fernandez, E.D. Nafziger, C.J. Ransom, , J. Shanahan, G.M. Bean |
5. Better Maize Response to Optimal Fertilizer PlacementIncreasing trends in corn (Zea mays L.) yields require greater levels of applied nutrients per acre to maintain or increase yields; thus, we need to rethink how to best supply a crops⤙ required nutrients. One significant challenge associated with applying more fertilizer to support greater yields has been the negative environmental effects of increased levels of some nutrients, such as phosphorus. Fertilizer application technologies such as banding the fertilizer below the plant increases... |
6. Planting Date, Nitrogen Rate, and Nitrogen Timing Interactions to Optimize Winter Wheat ProductionWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting date is a large contributing factor for high yield production systems located within the central Great Lakes Basin, and nitrogen (N) rate and timing strategies offer the opportunity to improve both the production and efficiency of winter wheat when considered in combination with planting date. A field study was initiated in East Lansing, MI to determine the effects of planting date, N application timing, and total N application rate on winter wheat yield... |
7. Comparison of Soil Properties under Long-Term Crop Rotation and TillageShifts in cropping systems from long-term rotations including forages to mostly annual crops has intensified tillage, but has also led to the development of conservation tillage practices such as no-till. There is a shortage of information about the interactive, long-term effects of rotation and tillage on soil quality. The objective of this study was to assess soil chemical and physical properties after 15 years of crop rotation and tillage treatments. Continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CCC), corn-soybean... |
8. Evaluation of Soil Profile NO3-N for Prediction of N Fertilizer RequirementsCurrent N recommendation systems based on yield goal with adjustment for previous legume crop or manure applications have worked well in many situations. In the example given in Table 1, multiplying the 8 year average yield times 1.2 lb N/bushel would result in a recommendation within 20 Ibs N/acre of the optimum in 6 of the 8 years. As expected, this system resulted in significant over recommendation in the 1988 and 1989 drought years. While these results provide confidence that the system works... |
9. Evaluation of Three N Recommendation Systems for Corn Yield and Residual Soil NitrateProper N application rates are required for continued economic and environmental viability of U.S. agriculture. Application at rates below that required for economic optimum will place U.S. farmers at a competitive disadvantage in the world market. On the other hand, excessive rates of N fertilizers may result in contamination of ground water. ... |
10. Phosphorus Losses in Runoff Water as Affected by Tillage and Phosphorus FertilizationPhosphorus (P) in runoff from cropland can contribute to nutrient enrichment and eutrophication of surface water bodies. Research was continued during 1996 to determine which tillage systems and which methods of applying P fertilizer will result in the least P losses in runoff water for grain sorghum production under somewhat poorly drained soil conditions in east-central Kansas. The tillage systems evaluated were a chisel-disk-field cultivate system, a ridge-till system, and a no-till system. Fertilizer... |
11. Enhancing Alfalfa Production Through Improved Phosphorus and Potassium ManagementAddition of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer is vital to maintain alfalfa productivity. The objective of this study was to examine how P and K fertilizer application increases alfalfa yield. nutrient use, and plant persistence. Replicate plots of P (0, 50, 100, 150 1bs P205/acre) and K (0. 100, 200, 300, 400 Ibs K20/acre) treatments were arranged in a factorial design. Forage harvests occurred four times annually for 5 years and yield, mass per shoot, shoots per area, and herbage nutrient... |
12. Variable Nitrogen Rate ManagementIt is now more or less acknowledged that lime and N are potentially more profitable than P and K variable rate management. There is a lot of variability in optimal N rates within fields so that there is a need for variable N management. The benefits related to variable N management are generally ranked as: o Less N fertilizer used per unit yield. Savings of 15 USDIac on average for small grains. up to 41 USDIac. o Greater uniformity in crop stand, yield, grain humidity, specific weight and protein... |
13. Is There a Better Way to Fertilize Corn with Potassium?Potassium (K) is among the most abundantly needed plant nutrients. A 15.7 Mg ha-1 (250 bushel acre-1) corn (Zea mays L.) crop accumulates anywhere from 168-225 kg K2O ha-1 (150-200lbs K2O acre-1) over the course of a growing season, and according to the IPNI Soil Test Summary (2015), about 37% of Illinois’ soil tests are deemed as deficient for K. The objectives of this study were to investigate various methods of... S. Foxhoven, F. Below |
14. Nitrogen Availability and Corn Production in Minnesota Following Cover CropsCover crops are often included in BMPs for reducing soil erosion, building soil organic matter, and reducing nitrate leaching. Because of additional management requirement and uncertainties about their impact on nitrogen availability and cash crop yields, cover crops have not been widely adopted in conventional fields. This study aims to reduce these uncertainties for corn growers in Minnesota by measuring the impact of select cover crops on corn yield, nitrogen demand,... S. Badger |
15. Maize Yield Increased by Optimal Timing and Placement of Polymer-coated Nitrogen FertilizerNitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing and placement can manage N availability to improve maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, but polymer-coated N fertilizer offers a different approach to season-long N availability and creates new N management opportunities. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional and polymer-coated N sources across fertilizer timing and placement combinations to optimize maize productivity. Field trials were conducted at three... S. Schwartz, F. Below |
16. Can CRP Serve As a Soil Health Benchmark: A Minnesota Case Study Utilizing SMAFSoil health is an important concept relating to sustainable agriculture and food security. However, the absence of a universally accepted benchmark for soil health complicates its application as a tool to measure soil functional capabilities. Here we propose the use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) soils as a potential benchmark for soil health in Southern Minnesota. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to evaluate soil health indicators and quantify the soil health gap... O. Hoffman, C. Chorpenning, C. Buchanan, T. Trimarco, N. Carr, J. Ippolito |
17. Beyond the Acre Furrow Slice: a New Era in Nutrient ManagementThe Midwest faces a pivotal shift in how we develop nutrient guidance for farmers. The long-running “build-up and maintenance” approach, built on decades-old soil-test methods, no longer aligns with today’s diverse and dynamic farming systems. Instead of anchoring decisions to soil depths tied to historical moldboard plow use, we should emphasize soil supply and plant uptake over time. Recommendations must be grounded in actual nutrient removal at harvest, on a site-by-site... H.M. Brown |
18. Technology, Innovation, and the Future of Soil FertilityThis panel will focused on how technology is being used in the practice of soil fertility and nutrient management. Panelists will also discuss how they’ve incorporated new and old soil fertility concepts into their approach to guiding fertilizer use. Lastly, we will discuss where soil fertility is going as a scientific discipline. ... H.M. Brown, W. Berg, R. Mullen |