Proceedings
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1. Compaction - K Fertility Interactions in Corn ProductionSoil compaction is recognized as a significant factor affecting yield in crop production today. The pressure to produce crops profitably has often led gruwers to farm greater acreages, with larger equipment under soil conditions which favor compaction. Effects of compaction are not limited to the surface lay- of a soil but often may be apparent cut much of the root zone. With the interest in soil compaction and its effects on crop growth, a research project was initiated to accomplish the fol lowing... |
2. Use of A Wheat Cover Crop to Trap Residual Soil N for No-till CornIn continued work on long-term no-till plots, wheat was tested as a winter cover crop to determine how much carryover soil N it would accumulate from the preceding no-till corn crop and make available to the successive no-till corn crop. Wheat biomass at time of planting no-till corn was about 1.7 times greater following 240 lbs N/A on the preceding corn than following 80 lbs N/A. However, maximum wheat biomass was only about 1 T/A, and contained only 15 lbs N/A more than wheat grown following corn... |
3. Evaluation of Nitrogen Management Practices in No-till Corn ProductionExperiments were conducted fiom 1995 to 1998 at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center of the University of Illinois and the Belleville Research Center of Southern Illinois University to evaluate agronomically and economically several nitrogen (N) management options, including the use of the urease inhibitor Agrotaii, in no-till corn production. Compared in these studies were N sources (urea, UAN, ammonium nitrate, and anhydrous ammonia), placement (dribble vs. broadcast for surface-applied N and... |
4. Sustainable Vegetable Crop Production Using Vermi-CompostThis research intends to utili ze earthworm castings as an alternate nutrient source, especially nitrogen, for vegetable crop production. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and 'Mountain Fresh' tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was used as the test crop. The main objectives were (1) to identify the optimum app lication rate of earthworm castings (EC) for tomato growth, and (2) to compare tomato res ponse under different treatments. Three different textural soils, namely sandy soil,... |
5. Organic Farming in Nebraska: Establishing Organic Research for the Organic Farming CommunityFour sites in Nebraska were developed to have land available to conduct research on certified organic land. All sites will be certified organic by the end of 2008. The goal of the project is to conduct research relevant to the organic farmi ng community and not to compare organic systems with conventional systems. Resear ch is being conducted on the use of flaming to control weeds, winter wheat variety development and selection for the organic market, variety testing of organic winter wheat, proso... |
6. Overview of Manure Handling on Steroid Movement in Agricultural Fields from Beef Cattle SystemsManure generated from concentrated animal feeding operations may serve as a source of steroids in surface water and potentially in groundwater. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of steroids and metabolites in runoff from beef cattle production pens, and from runoff and leaching from crop production fields. Cattle were fed a synthetic progestagen, MGA or melengestrol acetate and treated with zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and estradiol implants, while a second group was not... |
7. Better Maize Response to Optimal Fertilizer PlacementIncreasing trends in corn (Zea mays L.) yields require greater levels of applied nutrients per acre to maintain or increase yields; thus, we need to rethink how to best supply a crops⤙ required nutrients. One significant challenge associated with applying more fertilizer to support greater yields has been the negative environmental effects of increased levels of some nutrients, such as phosphorus. Fertilizer application technologies such as banding the fertilizer below the plant increases... |
8. Soil Test Phosphorus Trends in OhioAgriculture is often sited as th e primary factor for high P loads polluting Lake Erie and Ohio's watersheds, but its exact contribu tion is actually unknown. This proj ect evaluated historical soil phosphorus (P) trends in the state of Ohio by collecting historical soil data from the three largest commercial laboratories servicing Ohio to dete rmine if P levels at a county resolution are changing over time. This helps address to what extent widespread over-applications of P (either commercial or... |
9. Utilizing Fertilizer Technologies to Reduce Nitrate Leaching in the Central Sands Region of WisconsinLeaching of nitrate into the groundwater has been a continuing and extensively researched problem in the sandy soils of Wisconsin. However, no proven solution to this problem has been identified as yet. Research results from our studies in 2009 showed that several products had potential in reducing nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3-N) leaching. Although not always statistically significant, one slow-release fertilizer, Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN), produced greater yields than conventional fertilizer.... |
10. Effect of Phosphate and Sulfate Application on Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Grain Selenium Content and Yield ComponentsThe interest in Selenium (Se) has increased due to its potential anti-cancer attributes in human health. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) will assimilate Se according to soil availability. There is interest in developing a consiste nt grain supply of high Se wheat for markets in Europe and Asia since plant-available Se in soils of these continents are very low. Agricultural soils in some regions of central and western South Dakota ha ve high Se content. Yet the common plant available forms of Se, selenate... |
11. Is There a Better Way to Fertilize Corn with Potassium?Potassium (K) is among the most abundantly needed plant nutrients. A 15.7 Mg ha-1 (250 bushel acre-1) corn (Zea mays L.) crop accumulates anywhere from 168-225 kg K2O ha-1 (150-200lbs K2O acre-1) over the course of a growing season, and according to the IPNI Soil Test Summary (2015), about 37% of Illinois’ soil tests are deemed as deficient for K. The objectives of this study were to investigate various methods of... S. Foxhoven, F. Below |
12. Integrating Management Zones and Canopy Sensing for Improved Nitrogen Recommendation AlgorithmsActive crop canopy sensors have been studied as a tool to direct spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in maize, with the goal of increasing the synchrony between N supply and crop demand and thus improving N use efficiency (NUE). However, N recommendation algorithms have often proven inaccurate in certain subfield regions due to local spatial variability. Modifying these algorithms by integrating soil-based management zones (MZ) may improve their accuracy... J. Crowther, J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, T. Shaver, D. Krull, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, B. Krienke, T. Mieno, T. Ingram |
13. Comparison of Ground-Based Active Crop Canopy Sensor and Aerial Passive Crop Canopy Sensor for In-Season Nitrogen ManagementCrop canopy sensors represent one tool available to help calculate a reactive in-season nitrogen (N) application rate in corn. When utilizing such systems, corn growers must decide between using active versus passive crop canopy sensors. The objectives of this study was to 1) determine the correlation between N management by remote sensing using a passive sensor and N management using proximal sensing with an active sensors. Treatments were arranged as field length strips in a randomized complete... J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, L. Thompson, B. Krienke, N. Mueller, T. Ingram, D. Krull, J. Crowther, T. Shaver, T. Mieno |
14. Site-Specific Yield and Protein Response to Nitrogen Rate and Timing in Winter WheatNitrogen (N) fertilizer management is crucial in cereal crop production. Improved prediction of optimal N fertilizer rates for winter wheat can decrease N losses and enhance profits. We tested seven N fertilizer rates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg N ha-1) applied at three timings (Fall, Spring, and Split Fall/Spring) in seven small plot trials located in commercial fields... J. Cesario pereira pinto, L. Puntel, L. Thompson, N. Mueller |
15. Impact of Site-Specific Variability on the Effectiveness of Active Canopy Sensors for In-Season N Management in CornIn-season nitrogen (N) management in corn guided by active canopy sensors is often associated with higher yields, profit and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, these benefits could vary from field-to-field and year-to-year. These inconsistent relationships between technology and benefits represent a major challenge for increasing adoption of sensor-based N application in corn. Thus, a better understanding of which site-specific factors determine positive benefits from sensor-based N application... L. Puntel, J. Luck, L. Thompson |
16. Fertilizer Manufacture - Converting Nature's Nutrient Storehouse to Plant NutritionNorth American farmers rely on reliable supply of key fertilizer inputs to maintain productivity and profitability. Nitrogen fertilizers are produced from atmospheric nitrogen gas, while phosphate and potash fertilizers are mined from major North American deposits as well as others around the world. All the major fertilizers are supplied, in large part, by North American producers from domestic production supplemented by some imports from international producers. Nitrogen production... A. Blaylock |
17. Maize Yield Increased by Optimal Timing and Placement of Polymer-coated Nitrogen FertilizerNitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing and placement can manage N availability to improve maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, but polymer-coated N fertilizer offers a different approach to season-long N availability and creates new N management opportunities. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional and polymer-coated N sources across fertilizer timing and placement combinations to optimize maize productivity. Field trials were conducted at three... S. Schwartz, F. Below |
18. The Ammonia RainbowAgriculture has been identified as a major contributor to atmospheric carbon dioxide with nitrogen fertilizer production as a key component. Recent scrutiny of nitrogen production processes has identified ammonia production processes to reduce carbon output from traditional Haber-Bosch processes. These different ammonia production processes are often described with color descriptions to designate the processes used and qualitatively identify their carbon footprint, such as “green ammonia”,... A. Blaylock |
19. Promoting Adoption of Precision Nitrogen Management Technologies Through On-farm ResearchThe Nebraska On-Farm Research Network helps farmers evaluate products and practices that impact the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of their operations. There are many technologies that have potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) on corn and winter wheat but typically these technologies have low adoption. At the same time, farmers have technologies such as GPS, yield monitors, and variable-rate application equipment on their farmers that enables them to easily conduct... L. Thompson, L. Puntel, T. Mieno, J. Iqbal, B. Maharjan, J. Luck, S. Norquest, J. Guilherme cesario pereira pinto, C. Uwineza |
20. Does Interseeded Cover Crops Composition Affect Corn N Fertilizer Needs and Corn and Soybean Yields?Cover crops are often recommended as a valuable practice to develop more sustainable cropping systems. However, interseeding cover crops may change the amount and timing of nitrogen (N) provided to the crop from decomposition (mineralization), which may increase or decrease the N fertilizer required to optimize corn grain yield. This study aims at understanding the effect of cover crop composition (single and multispecies) on soil biological measurements, corn N requirements, and corn and soybean... S. Kodali, J.D. Clark |
21. Benchmarking Nitrogen Recommendation Tools for Nebraska Winter WheatAttaining high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) remains a current research challenge in crop production. Digital ag technologies for site-specific N management have been demonstrated to improve NUE. This is due to the ability of digital technologies to account for the spatial and temporal distribution of crop N demand and available soil N in the field, which varies greatly according to soil properties, climate, and management. In addition, winter wheat protein content is highly... J. Cesario pinto, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, T. Mieno, L. Puntel, G. Balboa |
22. Integrated and Impactful Research and Extension Through Digital On-farm ResearchAdvancements in digital agriculture tools have increased the scale and complexity of agricultural challenges which can be addressed through on-farm research. On-farm research has the potential to center farmers in the discovery and innovation process and integrate the research, extension and teaching missions of the university. Synergistic partnerships with industry advance technology adoption. Thompson will discuss the opportunities to leverage the changing landscape of on-farm experimentation... L. Thompson |
23. Fertilizer Industry Update – Markets, Trends, and New DirectionsThe fertilizer industry was characterized, perhaps above all else, as volatile. We saw near record prices as supply chains were affected by war in Ukraine, international sanctions, and high production costs. Across the industry, fertilizer manufacturers and suppliers seek to cut operating costs to cope with rapidly falling prices. We will review key market drivers and other industry trends. ... A. Blaylock |
24. Impact of Cover Crop Composition on Nitrogen Application Rates and the Subsequent Yields of Corn and SoybeanInterseeding cover crops presents a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of agricultural systems. Nevertheless, the practice of interseeding cover crops introduces a dynamic element to nitrogen (N) cycling, potentially altering both the quantity and timing of N release through decomposition (mineralization). This variability in N availability may, in turn, influence the optimal nitrogen fertilizer requirements to maximize corn grain yield. However, long-term studies are essential... J.D. Clark , P. Kovacs, P. Sexton, S. Osborne, S. Kodali |
25. Cover Crop Composition: Implications for Crop Yields, Nitrogen Use, and Soil Health in Corn-Soybean RotationsCover crops can improve agricultural sustainability by influencing nitrogen (N) use, enhancing soil health, and optimizing crop yields. However, their effects can vary based on species composition. This study evaluated how different cover crop compositions impact crop yields, N requirements, and soil health in corn-soybean rotations. Field experiments were conducted at Brookings and Beresford, South Dakota. Three cover crops (none, single grass, and multi-species) were interseeded... S. Kodali, J. Clark |