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1. Small Grain Response to Potassium and Chloride AdditionsStudies have been conducted over a three-year period to determine the frequency and the cause of small grain response to KC1 additions on high K soils. During the first two years responsiveness of hard red spring wheat, spring barley, and oats were compared at six locations in eastern South Dakota. Broadcast applications of 167 lbs/A of KC1 caused grain yield increases significant at the 0.05 probability level at four sites for wheat and two sites for barley while no oat yield increases were measured.... |
2. Adjusting N Recommendations Based on a Previously Grown CropNitrogen recommendations in North Dakota are based on a yield goal multiplied from some empirically derived factor in a linear formula. There are a three adjustments to the N recommendations that result form these formulas (Franzen and Cihacek, 1996). They are the soil test nitrate-N to some depth, a sampling date adjustment ifthe sampling was conducted in the fall prior to September 15, and a previous crop credit. Two of these three adjustments are based on some knowledge regarding mineralization... |
3. Fertilizer Management for Strip-till and No-till Corn ProductionStrip-tillage for corn production can be advantageous over no-till. particularly in areas with heavy soils and high rainfall during spring months. Under these conditions in no-till systems. planting delays andlor slow. uneven emergence are common. Strip-tillage creates a narrow tilled area for the seedbed while maintaining the inter-row residue cover, allowing for erosion protection associated with no-till. yet providing an area in the rowr where the soil will dry out and warm up earlier in the season.... |
4. Comparison of Nitrogen Recommendation Models for Corn in Two Cropping SystemsSeveral lnodels exist to generate N recommendations, and the model selected can have both economical and environmental implications. A study was initiated in 1998 to compare the response of corn to N in two ci-opping systenls (corn following corn and corn following soybeans). All plots received a starter N rate of 45 kg N ha-' (2 x 2 placement). and five rates of sidedress N (0, 22, 90, 157, and 224 kg N hi') were applied at gro~vth stage V6 either as anhydrous arnmonia or urea-ammonium rli trate... |
5. Development of Insite VRN as an Effective Nutrient Management ToolGrowers have significantly increased their yield levels in corn and wheat in the last 10 years. As yields increase. the amount of nutrients required has also increased to supply the crop with needed plant nutrition. Fertilizer application rates in excess of plant needs can increase the likelihood that the fertilizer may end up in ground water and streams. Mosaic developed a nutrient application tool, called Ins i te VRN, which illore accurately positions the fertilizer where it is needed for maximum... |
6. Impact of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization on Wheat Yield and QualitySulfur (S) contributed by rainfall has decreased by 50% over the last twenty-seven years and may increase the need for S supplementation by fertilization. Nitrogen (N) application is typically split applied in Ohio with some applied in the fall and remainder applied in the spring near first green-up. The objective of this study was to compare N application source and timing with and without S fertilization. Two experimental locations were established in the fall of 2004. Urea and urea-ammonium nitrate... |
7. Introgressing Unique Sources of Germplasm to Improve N Use in Temperate MaizeThe vast majority of maize breeding efforts have been conducted under high N environments that primarily select for only one component of NUE, N uptake. Furthermore, these studies have employed US. and European genotypes, which have been selected for performance at high N. Historically, maize was grown in numerous low N tropical environments, suggesting that evaluation of adapted maize lines containing tropical germplasm may harbor useful genetic variation and novel alleles for improving NUE. The... |
8. An Environmental Assessment of Sensor-Based Variable-Rate Nitrogen Management in CornIn order to address the problem of nitrate contamination of surface and ground waters, various methods have been used to try to account for spatial variability of N within agricultural fields. One approach to account for this variability and thereby reduce nitrate pollution is in-season site- specific N application according to economic optimal N rate (EONR). Recently, active crop canopy sensors have been tested for mid-season, on-the-go N fertilizer application in corn. This 2004 and 2005 study... |
9. Development of Field InSite as an Effective Nutrient Management ToolNitrogen. phosphorus, and potassium are essential nutrients for crop production. Crop nutrient management is critical to the success of any farming operation. Land stewardship is a concern for most producers as long as yields and profitability are not affected significantly. While farmers are eager to improve the efficiency with which they apply nutrients, maintaining expected crop revenue per acre is equally important. Higher fertilizer costs have increased the desire to find better ways to apply... |
10. Impact of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization on Wheat Yield and Quality in 2006Historically, wheat has not responded to supplemental sulfur (S) on fine to medium textured soils with adequate organic matter. However, improved sulfur scrubbers in the industrial sector have decreased the amount of S contributed annually by rainfall. Annual S deposition in Ohio has decreased by 50% over the last twenty-seven years (NADP, 2005). This may lead to greater demand for S in Ohio crops. Recent Oho research showed a positive response to ammonium sulfate but did not have the parameters... |
11. Triple-Stacks, Genetics, and Biotechnology in Improving Nitrogen Use of CornGenetic improvement in N use efficiency (NUE) is a clear strategy fo r enhancing yield and fertilizer N management of corn ( Zea mays L.), and has been the subj ect of our ongoing research. Calculation of the N requirement (N fertilizer usage/grain yield) based on statewide average grain yields and fertilizer sales shows a stead y decrease since the mid 1980's, suggestive of a genetic improvement in N use. Direct comparis on of the response to N for a 1980�۪s hybrid with its modern counterpart... |
12. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe general formula for determining N fertilizer ra te in North Dakota for about thirty-five years has been N-rate = (2.5 X Yield Potential (or Yield G oal) less credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate-N from a 2-foot soil core composite. Historically high fertilizer N costs and the ability to fertilize within fiel ds rather than whole field N management has resulted in a reexamination of N calibration data, and an effort to expand the modern N calibration database with new field experiments.... |
13. Incorporating Cover Crops into No-till Production SystemsAlthough no-till soil management has many benef its, including protecting the soil from erosion, improving soil organic matter, and improving soil moisture storage, depending on environmental conditions there could be a number of potentia l problems. Implementation of no-till soil management in eastern South Da kota can lead to wet and cold soils at the time of planting. Cover crops have the potential to utilize exce ss soil moisture and improve soil conditions at planting. A field experiment was... |
14. Evaluation of Wavelength from Ground-Based Active Optical Sensors for Corn Yield Prediction in North DakotaGround-based active-optical (GBAO) crop sensors have been used successfully to predict crop yield when used during early growth stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate two GBAO sensors wavelengths regarding their usefulness under North Dakota corn (Zea mays, L.) growing conditions. Thirty experimental sites were used in North Dakota to conduct N rate trials on corn during 2011 and 2012. All sites were designed as randomized complete blocks with four replications and six nitrogen (N) treatments;... |
15. Evaluation of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Corn and Soybean Yields and Soil Test Levels in OhioThe most recent fertilizer phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) recommendations for corn and soybean grown in Ohio were established in the mid-90s and research is required to verify the appropriateness of these recommendations after 20 years. In this study, corn and soybean rotations were established and maintained at three sites from 2006 to 2014 and fertilizer P and K were applied at 1) zero rates, 2) estimated nutrient removal rates and 3) twice the estimated nutrient removal rates for each rotation.... |
16. Switchgrass Response to Nitrogen: Trade-offs between Quantity and QualityIn 2009 and 2010, a study was conducted at four loca tions in southwest Wisconsin to determine optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and harvest timings for switchgrass quantity and quality. The study was conducted as a randomized complete bloc k, split plot design with five main plot treatments (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg ha -1 of N) and three split plot treatments (mid-fall, late- fall, and early spring harvest). Dry matter (D M) yields increased between 2009 and 2010 and were most often maximized... |
17. Soybean foliar manganese recommendations on chronically Mn deficient soils.Soil Mn availability decreases with increasing pH and organic matter concentrations, leading to seasonal Mn deficiency symptoms in soybeans pr oduced on these soils. In Michigan, high pH conditions are often found in alluvial calcareous lakebed soils where conditions lead to low Mn solubility. High organic matter co ncentrations in organic soils reduce Mn availability due to formation of unavailable chelated Mn 2+ compounds and organic complexes in the soil. While Mn deficiencies on lakebed soils... |
18. Nitrogen Recalibration for Spring Wheat and Durum in North DakotaNorth Dakota will begin using new fertilizer r ecommendations beginning Dec. 1, 2009. Previous recommendations required a yield guess by growers with no rega rd to economics of nitrogen application. The new recommendations recogni ze different N response curves with yield and grain protein within three state agri-climatology zones. The reco mmendations use the "return to N" method, which vary the N recommendation based on crop price and N costs. The resulting rate is adjusted based on... D. Franzen, G. Endres, J. Lukach, R. Ashley, J. Staricka, K. Mckay |
19. What are the Benefits of Canopy Sensing for Variable-Rate Nitrogen Corn Fertilization?Canopy reflectance sensing for assessing crop N health has been proposed as a technology on which to base top-dress variable-rate N applicat ion. The objective of this research in Missouri was to evaluate the economic a nd environmental benefit of activ e-light crop-canopy reflectance sensors for corn N rate decisions. A total of 16 field-scale experiments were conducted over four seasons (2004-2007) in three major soil areas. Mu ltiple blocks of randomized N rate response plots traversed the length... |
20. Nitrogen benefits when interseeding red clover into continuous cornInformation pertaining to the benefits of intereseeding cover crops is lacking. Red clover is a leguminous cover crop that can grow in low radiation environments, is winter hardy for much of the northern USA, and is a low cost weed suppressant that has been shown to provide a nitrogen credit and improve corn yield. While it is clear that red clover is a cover crop that can provide immediate economic benefits in grain-based cropping systems, the potential N credit and the effect of interseeding... H. Francis, M. Ruark, C. Zegler, D. Smith, J. West |
21. Nitrogen Application, Biological N Fixation, and N UptakePrevious collaborative research in the Midwest has shown that there is likely little to no need of N for soybean, except under certain conditions (such as when low soil moisture limits N fixation, or when low initial soil nitrate-N limits overall N availability). However, none of the site-years used in this synthesis analysis were on sandy soils. Because sandy soils supply little nitrate-N, the potential impact of N on crop yield is greater in sandy environments than on silt loam soils. However,... A.M. Walters, M.D. Ruark, J.M. Gaska, C. Zegler, S.P. Conley |
22. The Effect of Agricultural Management Practices on Labile Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in WisconsinAmid ever-increasing enthusiasm for soil health there remains uncertainty about how best to measure it, to interpret the results, and to adapt agricultural management accordingly. One factor of particular interest to farmers is the capacity of a soil to mineralize organic matter, making nutrients available to crops. This research takes a survey-based approach to identify how labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) – as permanganate oxidizable carbon (POxC), potentially mineralizable carbon (PMC)... G. Richardson, M. Ruark, E. Silva, M. Chawner, E. Olson, A. Radatz, C. Zegler |
23. Corn Tissue Nutrient Concentration Related to Soil Fertility LevelsSoil health metrics, such as active carbon or soil respiration, may be important factors influencing corn nutrient uptake. The push for increasing soil health has promoted the question of how soil health and soil fertility interact. This research determined how different soil health metrics impact early-season corn tissue potassium (K), sulfur (S), or phosphorus (P) nutrient content. Research conducted in 2019 on 35 producer Missouri fields encompassed many soil types and management practices.... M.B. Henry, N.R. Kitchen, K.S. Veum, J.D. Svedin |
24. Practical Farmers of Iowa On-farm Research ProgramPractical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) has been leading and conducting on-farm research since 1987. The organization has staff scientists to help design experiments based on questions from participating farmers. Farmers are cooperators in research and they often collaborate with other farmers on the same project. Ideas for projects are considered at the annual Cooperators’ Meeting in December each year. Cooperators describe what was done on their farm, why they did it, and what they found. They... S. Gailans |
25. Does Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat Affects Its Yield and Nitrate-N Leaching in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping System?Conventional corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation contributes to nitrate-N and phosphate leaching to waterbodies causing water quality concerns. Two strategies that could minimize N and P losses include (i) incorporating winter rye (Secale cereale L.) (WR) as a cover crop to capture residual nutrients or (ii) intensifying the corn-soybean rotation with winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) (Double cropping). Double cropping WW at a right N... A. Sadeghpour, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K.L. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller |