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1. Phosphorus Dynamics of Land-Applied Compost Bedded Pack Dairy Barn Product in Low and High Soil Test Phosphorus EnvironmentsCharacterizing and understanding the nutrient dynamics of land applied compost bedded pack dairy barn (CBP) products is necessary because this waste management system and its fertility use are increasingly common. An aerobic mineralization study was conducted to observe the phosphorus (P) dynamics of land-applied CBP product in low and high soil test P (STP) environments. An innovative phosphorus fractionation strategy employing UV-assisted organic P decomposition helped quantify fractions corresponding... |
2. Improving PSNT Based Sidedress N Recommendations for Corn with Site Specific FactorsThe pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) has been found to be a valuable tool for improving nitrogen recommendations for corn grown in humid regions of the country. The PSNT has been especially useful for nunaging N on fmls where organic sources of N, like animal manures are important. This test was proposed by Magdoff et al. in 1984 and has been studied extensively since then (Magdoff et al., 1990; Roth et al., 1992; Fox et al., 1989; Blackmer et al., 1989; Klausner et a]., 1993, and Meisinger... |
3. Interaction of Soil Applied Herbicides with Soil pHManagement of soil pH is important in enhancing the availability of certain plant nutrients and in minimizing toxic levels of other elements to crops. However, the reaction of herbicides with soils under varying soil pH levels can affect both crop growth and herbicide performance. Soil pH affects herbicide performance in several ways. When crops are under stress due to nutrient imbalance from unfavorable soil pH levels, application of certain herbicides may increase risk of crop injury. When soil... |
4. Soybean Chlorosis in North Dakota- Causes, Severity and Possible SolutionsSoybean acres continue to increase in northwestern Minnesota and North Dakota in spite of severe problems with iron chlorosis in some years. Soybeans often turn yellow within a few weeks of emergence and remain yellow for up to 8 weeks before plants green up and mature. Iron chlorosis tolerant soybeans available today are somewhat effective in reducing chlorotic acreage, but are not tolerant enough to counteract the soil conditions in this area. Several researchers have found that iron chlorosis... |
5. Evaluation of Nutrisphere-N as aSoil Nitrification and Urease InhibitorNutrisphere-N is a fertilizer ad ditive, which is claimed to prev ent nitrogen loss from soil through the inhibition of urease and nitrif ication. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Nutrisphere-N on urease, nitr ification, and ammonia volatiliza tion from soil under controlled condition. Nutrisphere-N was mixe d with urea solutions or impregnated on urea granules and before application to soil. In the three experiments conducted, adding Nutrisphere-N had little or no effect... |
6. Nitrogen Fertilizer Additives, Which Ones Work?Nitrogen fertilizer additives were evaluated in nine different studies. In the first study, Nutrisphere had no effect on urea hydrolysis when applied with a urea solution. In a second study, Nutrisphere had no effect on nitrification when applied with a urea solution. In a third study with urea granules, Nutrisphere had little effect on ammonia volatilization. In a fourth study with urea granules, Nutrisphere had no effect on nitrification. In a fifth study, Nutrisphere was found to be less effective... |
7. Nitrogen Timing and Nitrification Inhibitors for Corn in KansasAnhydrous ammonia is a common Nitrogen (N) source used for corn production in Kansas. Two common mechanisms of N loss in corn production in Kansas soils are denitrification and leaching. By minimizing these losses, producers can maximize yield with lower input use and have less impact on the environment. Time of application, particularly fall vs. spring application can have significant impact on N loss, particularly in some soils. The use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) with anhydrous ammonia to... |
8. Soybean Production Research: A National ApproachU.S. soybean growers are looking for alternative methods to increase soybean yields and recent increases in commodity prices have given producers more freedom to invest in additional crop inputs or products. Unfortunately, quality data from studies addressing multiple contemporary inputs is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined soybean inputs on seed yield. These high input systems were tested in six states to evaluate their value across a broad geography.... |
9. Relationship of in-season soil nitrogen concentration with corn yield and potential nitrogen lossesModeled or measured soil mineral N (SMN) levels during the corn growing season have been used to set sidedress N rates, but there has been little research linking SMN levels at different growth stages to yield to help guide this process. The degree to which SMN level influences the risk of N losses is also not known. Data from 32 site-years of field experiments in Illinois (2015–2018) that included 12 combinations of N fertilizer rate, timing, and source, were used to evaluate... G. Preza-fontes, E. Nafziger, L. Christianson, C. Pittelkow |
10. Corn Yield Response to Sub-Surface Banded Starter Fertilizer in the U.S.Sub-surface fertilizer application at planting (i.e., starter fertilization) is a common practice in U.S. corn (Zea Mays L.) production to improve early-season nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and plant growth, especially under cool and moist spring soil conditions. However, yield increases from starter applications can vary across production systems and environments. Here, we use a meta-analysis approach to quantify and generalize corn yield responses to sub-surface starter... D. Quinn, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
11. The MRTN Approach: Past, Present, and FutureThe method of using crop N response data assimilation, now called the “MRTN approach”, was conceived at a September, 2004 meeting in Bettendorf, Iowa of scientists from several Corn Belt states. This meeting was prompted by findings in field trials that showed substantially lower optimum N rates than those based on using corn yield goal to predict crop N needs; most also showed no correlation between EONR and yield at EONR across trials. The MRTN method is straightforward: yield data... E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer |
12. Comparison of Wheat and Barley to Rye As a Cover Crop for MaizeCover crops are used by farmers in Kentucky to prevent soil erosion and uptake residual nitrogen in between growing seasons of cash crops. Cereal rye has become a popular cover crop due to its sizeable biomass production and superior nitrate uptake ability. Wheat and barley have similar fibrous root systems and may have value as a cover crop. A field study was conducted at the University of Kentucky North Farm in Lexington, KY, in 2021 and 2022. The objectives of this study were to determine if... R. Nalley, C. Lee |
13. A Minnesota-Wide Assessment of Critical Pre-Plant and in-Season Soil Nitrate for Adjusting Nitrogen Rate GuidelinesThe pre-plant (PPNT) and pre-sidedress (PSNT) soil nitrate tests are often used as indicators of soil nitrogen (N) availability in Minnesota. The assessment of available soil nitrogen (N) provides corn (Zea mays L.) growers with key information on N credits to adjust their N fertilizer rates. However, current N management recommendations in Minnesota were based on research conducted 40-yr ago and did not specify differences between environments and management. Through a comprehensive... E. Souza, F.G. Fernandez, J. Coulter, M. Wilson, J.A. Vetsch, P.H. Pagliari, R.T. Venterea, D.E. Kaiser, K.P. Fabrizzi, D. Bernau, C.J. Rosen, K. Mizuta, Y. Miao, V. Sharma |
14. Comparison of Wheat and Barley to Rye as a Cover Crop for CornWinter cereal cover crops have become an essential management practice for sustainable corn production. Rye is the most popular winter cereal for cover crop, but wheat and barley may provide a comparable value due to their similar fibrous root systems. Winter cereals provide organic matter, scavenge residual nutrients, and protect the soil from erosion. Winter cereals can immobilize nutrients for the corn crop and can reduce corn stands in some situations, reducing corn yield. The primary objective... R. Nalley, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
15. Effect of Barley and Winter Pea Cover Crops on Nitrogen Availability in No-Till CornCover crops are known to have positive effects on soil health and reduce erosion. However, popular cereal grains used as cover crops, such as rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare) can negatively affect nitrogen availability for the subsequent corn crop. Legumes, such as winter peas (Pisum sativum) could reduce competition for nitrogen between the cereal cover crop and the summer corn crop. This study's objective is to determine if barley as a cover crop... E. Marsh, C. Lee |
16. Effect of Barley and Winter Pea Cover Crops on Nutrient Availability in No-Till CornCover crops are reported to have long-term soil health improvements, the first of which is reducing erosion. However, popular cereal cover crops, such as rye (Secale cereale), have the potential to cause a yield penalty in the following corn (Zea mays) crop. Legumes, such as Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum), are thought to reduce this yield penalty in no-till systems. Additionally, sulfur deficiencies have been observed in some studies following cover crops. The main... E. Marsh, C. Lee |
17. Understanding Wheat Head Counts Effect on YieldWheat (Triticum aestivum) is grown in many parts of the world, with soft red winter wheat (SRWW) being the most popular type grown in Kentucky. Wheat is the fourth most economically important crop in Kentucky and is used in a variety of food products as well as in feed for livestock. Crop scouts reported wheat head counts above the current University of Kentucky threshold for head counts needed to maximize yield. Wheat in other states north reported higher head counts than those observed... A. Mutter, C. Lee |