Proceedings
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1. Topsoil Thickness Effects on Phosphorus and Potassium Dynamics on Claypan SoilsDue to variable depth to claypan (DTC) across landscapes, nutrient supply from subsoils, and crop removal, precise P and K fertilizer management on claypan soil fields can be difficult. Therefore, a study was performed to determine if DTC derived from soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) could be used to improve P and K management for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.]). Research was conducted on a claypan soil at the University of Missouri’s... L. Conway, M. Yost, N. Kitchen, N. Kitchen, K. Sudduth |
2. Do Soil Nitrogen Tests Relate to Nitrogen Mineralization in First-year Corn Following Alfalfa?Corn (Zea mays L.) is the most frequent first-year crop grown following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the Upper Midwest. In the majority of cases, first-year corn does not respond to fertilizer N, but sometimes large amounts are needed to optimize yield. The pre-sidedress and Illinois soil N tests (PSNT and ISNT, respectively) are early-season tests used to predict corn yield response to fertilizer N. These tests measure specific fractions of soil N and define a critical concentration to separate... |
3. Small Grain Response to Potassium and Chloride AdditionsStudies have been conducted over a three-year period to determine the frequency and the cause of small grain response to KC1 additions on high K soils. During the first two years responsiveness of hard red spring wheat, spring barley, and oats were compared at six locations in eastern South Dakota. Broadcast applications of 167 lbs/A of KC1 caused grain yield increases significant at the 0.05 probability level at four sites for wheat and two sites for barley while no oat yield increases were measured.... |
4. Educational Applications of Digitized Soil SurveysThe North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Survey of McHenry County Organized Irrigation Districts is approaching publication and represents a first for soil survey in North Dakota. The decision was made to digitize the soil maps to facilitate acreage tabulations and improve methods of generating soil interpretations. While the digitization procedure is costly in terms of start-up labor (programming) and data entry, the benefits allow more flexibility than conventional soil surveys. The... |
5. Predicting Fertilizer Nitrogen Requirements for Corn in OntarioThe nitrogen fertilizer requirement of a crop under field conditions is influenced by numeraus factors including soil, climate and managanent variables. Most of these factors are very difficult, if not impossible to predict in advance. The major factors influencing nitrogen fertilizer nquhment are (Gch and Haynes, 1986); 1. the requirement of the crop for N as determined by its yield (or yield patential) , 2. the availability of fertilizer N or the fertilizer use - efficiency, and 3. the amount of... |
6. An Evaluation of Nitrogen Application Methods for Ridge-Planted CornRidge planting is a conservation tillage method receiving some attention in the Midwest at the present time. In this system the crop is planted atop a ridge which was formed by cultivation of the previous year's crop. There is generally no tillage performed between ridge building and the next year's planting. The system is similar to no-till in that large quantities of residue are often present on the soil surface in the spring, most being concentrated in the ridge furrows. Research initiated in... |
7. Credibility of soil Testing- Results os the Iowa Task ForceSeveral factors led to the convening of the Iowa Soil Testing Task Force: (1) The Iowa legislature passed the 1987 Groundwater Protection Act; (2) The Big Spring study in northeast Iowa in a Karst topography region revealed presence of pesticides and nitrates in groundwater; (3) Public awareness of contaminants in public water supplies was enhanced by influential newspapers and other publications; (4) Influential publications did major stories on the results of soil test comparison studies of several... |
8. Nitrogen Soil Test for Corn in OntarioIt is generally believed that for high yielding crops such as corn. the N requirements are much larger than variations in the N supplying capacity of soil. In Ontario, fertilizer N recommendations are based on the requirements of the crop and, for some crops, the expected yield goal. Nitrogen credits are given for past management such as manure application and legumes in rotation. The credits are deducted from the economic rate of N. In a recent analysis of all existing fertilizer N crop response... |
9. Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) ProgramThe Certified Crop Adviser (CCA) Program is being developed under the auspices of the American Society of Agronomy (ASA). The ad hoc steering committee is comprised of industry and university agronomists, state dealer associations, independent crop consultants, several organizations (including T.F.1, P.P.I., ARA, TVA) and ASA staff. This is a broad group representing wide geographic parts of the U.S., and has also included USDA officials, representing SCS and Extension. The purpose of the CCA program... |
10. Economic Optimum Rates of N for Corn Production in IowaProper nitronen (N) fertilizer is essential if crop producers are to maximize profits and minimize environmental contamination. A study to determine 'economic optimum N fertilizer rates was conducted in Iowa from-1987 to 1991. The results show that Iowa crop producers over-applied N during those years primarily due to not considering residual N in the soil. This was especially true following the drought year of 1988.... |
11. Site-Specific Management of N Fertilization in OntarioSignificant within field variability of soil properties, such as soil fertility, and plant growth have been well docome~ited. Standard soil testing practices and fertilizer recommendations which enco~npass an average soil test value for a field and a constant rate of fertilization will obviously result in certain areas of a field being either over or under fertilized. As indicated by Kachanoski and Fairchild (1995), for a single (constant) rate of fertilizer application, reconimendations based on... |
12. Phosphorus Losses in Runoff Water as Affected by Tillage and Phosphorus FertilizationPhosphorus (P) in runoff from cropland can contribute to nutrient enrichment and eutrophication of surface water bodies. Research was continued during 1996 to determine which tillage systems and which methods of applying P fertilizer will result in the least P losses in runoff water for grain sorghum production under somewhat poorly drained soil conditions in east-central Kansas. The tillage systems evaluated were a chisel-disk-field cultivate system, a ridge-till system, and a no-till system. Fertilizer... |
13. Response of Corn Grown in Two Crop Rotations to Different N Rates and NitrapyrinNitrogen fertilization of corn is necessary to obtain adequate yields. Loss of soil-applied N1-L'-N fertilizers due to nitrification can decrease corn yield significantly. Nitrate contamination of ground or surface water supplies should also be considered. Use of nitrapyrin may help address these issues, though in fine textured soils response to its use is difficult to predict. A 10-year study was done to determine the effects of annual application of ammonia with nitrapyrin upon the yield of continuous... |
14. Spatial Response of Corn to Banded Zinc Sulfate Fertilizer in IowaThe solubility of zinc (Zn) decreases as pH increases. There are soil associations that contain high pH spots within fields where the surrounding soils' pHs are slightly acid. It is reasonable to expect that Zn availability, due to a difference in solubility, is different in the two areas. The objectives of this study were to find corn (Zea nlnys L.) grain yield responses to Zn fertilizers within fields and to define the soil characteristics in responsive areas. The study was conducted at twelve... |
15. Estimating Second- and Third Year Nitrogen Availability from Dairy manure: It is common practice to repeatedly apply dairy manure to the same fields. To accurately assess the total plant availability of rnanure nutrients, it is necessary to account for the nutrients remaining in soil fiom previous years applications. A corn (Zea mays) field experiment has continued since 1998 on a Plano silt loam. Residual manure N availability was estimated for two and three years after a single rnanure application fiom differences in whole-plant N uptake using 1) fertilizer N equivalence... |
16. Effects of Chloride From Poultry Litter and Muriate of Potash on Cured Tobacco Leaf QualityPoultry litter is growing more popular as a soil amendment in western Kentucky. due to recent poultry industry expansion. There is concern among the tobacco industry that chloride levels in poultry litter may have detrimental effects on cured leaf quality. A three year study is being conducted at the University of Kentucky to compare availability of chloride fiom poultry litter and muriate of potash and its effect on cured leaf quality. A randomized complete block design structure was chosen, with... |
17. Corn, Soybean, and Alfalfa Response to Dolomitic and Calcitic LimeCenewed interest in soil pH and liming on some of south-central Minnesota's rnost productive glacial till soils has occurred recently because: (1) intensive "grid" soil sampling has identified areas of fields that are generally considered below optimum pH ( (2) the availability of site-specific application technology to treat only below-optimum pH soils in fields that contain significant variability in soil pH, and (3) near neutral pH is believed to be necessary for achieving exceptionally high yields.... |
18. Soil Electrical Conductivity Map Quality- Impact of Interpolation Search Neighborhood ParametersSpatial predictions of soil electrical conductivity (EC) measurements may be improved by adjusting the search neighborhood criteria. The objective of this study was to investigate how varying search parameters impacted the quality of soil EC maps. The three fields cl~osen for this study were from the Inner and Outer Blue Grass physiographic regions of Kentucky. Soil EC was measured by direct contact at all locations. The prediction datasets included EC measurements along transects that were separated... |
19. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe general formula for determining N fertilizer ra te in North Dakota for about thirty-five years has been N-rate = (2.5 X Yield Potential (or Yield G oal) less credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate-N from a 2-foot soil core composite. Historically high fertilizer N costs and the ability to fertilize within fiel ds rather than whole field N management has resulted in a reexamination of N calibration data, and an effort to expand the modern N calibration database with new field experiments.... |
20. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe rise in grain prices and fertilizer costs, as well as the need for more soil-specific recommendations has spurred recent research into N response of wheat in North Dakota. Combining data from 1970 to 1990, together with recent studies has shown that new recommendations are in order. There is a rela tionship of wheat yield to available N. The relationship is better when residual soil nitrate is considered. Different areas of the state partition out with different response curves. Using the 'return... |
21. Nitrogen Recalibration for Spring Wheat and Durum in North DakotaNorth Dakota will begin using new fertilizer r ecommendations beginning Dec. 1, 2009. Previous recommendations required a yield guess by growers with no rega rd to economics of nitrogen application. The new recommendations recogni ze different N response curves with yield and grain protein within three state agri-climatology zones. The reco mmendations use the "return to N" method, which vary the N recommendation based on crop price and N costs. The resulting rate is adjusted based on... D. Franzen, G. Endres, J. Lukach, R. Ashley, J. Staricka, K. Mckay |
22. Response of Corn to Residue Management and Nitrogen FertilizationInterest in the production of cellulosic fuel production for bioenergy has identified corn (Zea mays L.) as a suitable option. However, residue removal can affect the growth and yield of a following corn crop and its response to N fertilizer. Residue removal may also influence the optimal tillage system with regard to yield and N-use efficiency. In southern Minnesota, concern about yield reductions due to cool, wet soil conditions, partially attributed to high amounts of crop residue, have limited... |
23. Nutrient Management Studies in Bio-Fuel Cropping SystemsResearch was conducted to determine the effect of nutrient management practices on bio-fuel crop production, and to evaluate long term effects of bio-fuel crop production on selected chemical, physical and microbiologi cal properties. Experimental plots for research on bio-fuel crops production were established in 2008 at two sites in Missouri. The experimental design was an 8x3 factorial laid out in a sp lit plot design. The main plots were eight bio-fuel cropping systems including: 1) continuous... |
24. Validating Potassium Fertilizer Guidelines in Alfalfa-corn RotationsIn 2008 to 2010, on-farm research was conducted on 10 fields with medium soil test K (STK) to validate Minnesota K fertilizer guidelines by determining the effect of K fertilizer applications on alfalfa yield and quality in its last production year, and estimating the carryover of excess fertilizer K to first-year corn. We were surprised to find that no K fertilizer was needed to maximize alfalfa yield or overall forage feed value and quality. Luxury consumption of K occurred because as K application... |
25. Consequences Of Shallow NH3 Placement And Timing On N Use Efficiencies In Corn ProductionA field study in west-central Indiana was conducted to investigate the effects of shallow anhydrous ammonia (NH 3) placement and timing on N use efficiencies in a conventionally tilled corn production system following soybean crop. The spring NH 3 was applied either pre-plant (6- inches offset from future corn row) or side-dress (at mid-row position) at different rates (0, 80, 130 or 180 lbs N acre -1). Aboveground biomass harvest and combine harvested yield were used to determine N recovery, N internal... |
26. Soybean Production Research: A National ApproachU.S. soybean growers are looking for alternative methods to increase soybean yields and recent increases in commodity prices have given producers more freedom to invest in additional crop inputs or products. Unfortunately, quality data from studies addressing multiple contemporary inputs is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined soybean inputs on seed yield. These high input systems were tested in six states to evaluate their value across a broad geography.... |
27. Searching for Inputs to Increase Soybean YieldCommodity prices and production costs are both at higher levels than in prior periods, encouraging growers to maximize returns by managing costs and raising yields. We conducted experiments at three Illinois sites in 2012 to evaluate foliar fertilizer, foliar insecticide, lactofen herbicide, seed treatment, foliar fungicide, foliar fungicide + foliar insecticide, cytokinin, , and fertilizer N, alone or in combinations of factors, including some deletion' treatments. Serious drought through the first... |
28. Evaluation of Sulfur Fertilizers In Corn ProductionSulfur deficiencies and corn yield increases from S fertilization have been documented in Iowa since the mid-2000’s. Therefore, S fertilization management is an important component of high yield corn production. Many S fertilizers are available for use in correcting deficiencies. However, specific product evaluations have not been widely conducted in Iowa. In addition, a new S fertilizer has recently become available in the Midwest U.S., the mineral polyhalite. The research objectives were... J. Sawyer, M. Castellano, A. Sassman, J. Lundvall |
29. Agronomic and Nutrient Management Strategies for Soft Red Winter WheatMichigan produces some of the greatest non-irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in the United States. Enhancing or lengthening the greenness of the flag-leaf has been suggested as a method to improve photosynthetic capabilities and nutrient uptake. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, grain quality, grain yield, and economic profitability for multiple agronomic and nutrient inputs across different production intensity levels. An omission field trial with four replications... S. Purucker, K. Steinke |
30. Tile Drainage, Cover Crops and Nitrogen InteractionsPrevious research has shown subsurface tile drainage systems deliver nitrate-N to surface waters thereby degrading water quality. Cover crops and applying appropriate N rates for corn are potential management strategies for reducing NO3-N in tile drainage. The objective of this study was to measure the effects and interactions of cover crops (winter hardy and winter terminating) at various N rates on NO3-N concentration and load in tile drainage water and corn and soybean... |
31. No-till corn nitrogen recommendation using precision soil management practicesIn long-term no-till fields, South Dakota (SD) farmers reported a reduced fertilizer-nitrogen (N) requirement compared to conventional tillage to obtain optimum corn yield. Reduced fertilizer recommendation may be due to improved soil health resulting from increasing soil organic matter, higher soil microbial activities, and improved water and nutrient use efficiency over the years the no-till system is used. However, the impact of soil health measurements on fertilizer-N requirement has not been... D. Bhattarai, J. Clark, D. Clay |
32. Evaluation of soybean response to in-season potassium fertilizationIn-season application of potassium (K) fertilizer may offer an alternative to remediate deficiencies developed during the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine soybean (Glycine max) response to topdress K application timing under deficient soil conditions. Treatments included a control (0 lbs K2O acre-1), 50 lbs K2O acre-1 pre-plant incorporated, and 50 lbs K2O acre-1 in-season broadcasted at the... D.A. Charbonnier, D.A. Ruiz diaz, M.A. Coelho |
33. Implications of Clay Mineral Analysis for Improved Calibration of Corn Potassium Fertilizer RecommendationsEastern South Dakota has seen an increase in soil potassium (K) deficiencies. To correct those deficiencies and avoid yield reductions, corn producers rely on accurate K fertilizer recommendations (KFRs). Among the various parameters used to estimate a KFR, clay mineralogy has significant potential to increase KFR accuracy. The study has two objectives: first, to determine the relationships among clay mineralogy, K uptake by corn, and KFRs, and second, to calibrate KFRs in South Dakota to incorporate... A. Ahlersmeyer, J. Clark, D. Clay, K. Osterloh |
34. Effects of Silicon Supplementation on Growth and Silicon Accumulation in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)This study assessed the effect of silicon (Si) supplementation on biomass production and Si accumulation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Plants were grown in buffered Hoagland’s media (pH 6) with four Na2SiO4 treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mM). The two species responded differently to Si supplementation in terms of biomass. For bentgrass, biomass was enhanced by Si supplementation, but only significantly (p... S. Qian, J. Unrine, H. Poffenbarger |
35. Consideration of Clay Mineralogy for Enhanced Prediction of Optimal Corn Potassium Fertilizer RatesProperly calibrated potassium (K) fertilizer recommendations (KFRs) are critical for improving crop yields and maintaining environmental stewardship. Recent innovations in soil and crop management suggest that certain soil factors, including clay mineralogy, can be used to predict optimal K requirements in corn. The objectives of this study include 1) correlate soil K levels to corn yield, 2) calibrate KFRs with clay mineralogy data, and 3) determine the relationships among clay mineralogy, K... A. Ahlersmeyer, J. Clark, K. Osterloh, D. Clay |