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1. Influence of Potassium, Sulfur, and Zinc Fertilizer on Corn and Soybean Grown on High Tetsing SoilThe influence of potassium, sulfur and zinc fertilizer on corn and soybean yields grown on high testing soils was studied at two locations in Eastern South Dakota over a period of six years. Treatments were 50 Ibla K,O, 25 Ibla sulfur and 5 Ib/a zinc. The treatments were applied to the same plots at each location every year. Soil test levels were in the high range for all elements in question and additional nutrients would not have been recommended by the South Dakota State University Soil Testing... |
2. Site-Specific Management of Iron Deficiency in CornThe addition of FeS04mH20 in the seed row increases corn (Zea mays L.) yield in areas with Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis. Our objectives were to determine the correct application rate of FeS04.H20 for irrigated corn, identi9 the spatial distribution of Fe deficiency, and alleviate deficiency symptoms with targeted FeS04.H20 applications. Eleven site-years were selected for small-plot studies in western Kansas. At these fields, soil CaC03 content in chlorotic or problematic deficient areas of the... |
3. Nitrate Leaching Characteristics for Various Nitrogen Management Strategies on Irrigated CornEfficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer for corn production is important for maximizing economic return to the producer and minimizing NO3 leaching to groundwater. This is especially important on irrigated, sandy soils due to the high infiltration and saturated conductivity and potential risk to the local water supplies. This study is being conducted to quantifL the NO3 leaching potential in the irrigated sands along Kansas' waterways under current and alternative N and water management strategies... |
4. Sulfur Influence on Corn and Soybean Yields in Eastern South DakotaClean air legislation, the increasing use of conservation tillage, and the manufacture of phosphorus fertilizers without sulfur have all contributed to lowering soil sulfur (S) availability to crops. Soil S availability has been affected to some extent by all three issues in eastern South Dakota. Hilltop erosion has exposed subsoil in which the pH is higher and organic matter content is lower than at lower landscape positions. In some eroded shoulder positions of the landscape in no-till fields.... |
5. Influence of Soil Test Phosphorus on Phosphorus Runoff Losses from South Dakota SoilsApplications of manure and fertilizer phosphorus (P) to soil in excess of optimal crop requirements leads to a buildup of soil test phosphorus (STP) and increases the risk of offsite transfer of P during heavy precipitation events. The first step to developing effective manure and fertilizer P application strategies for South Dakota is to evaluate the relationship that exists between soil and runoff P. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the relationship between STP and runoff P concentrations... |
6. Corn Yield Response to Fall and Spring Applied Controlled- Release Urea vs. Spring Conventional UreaNitrogen (N) application to corn has been proven to increase yields, but concerns about nitrate-N in ground and surface water have led to investigation of controlled-release N fertilizer. The objective of these experiments is to compare corn grain response to controlled-release urea (ESN) and conventional urea. Two field studies are being conducted at two locations in Iowa and corn yield data will be reported from 2003-2005. All N treatments were hand broadcast in 30 lb N/a increments from 0 lbs.... |
7. Corn Yield Response to Residual Forage Crop Rotation and Manure Amendment Effect in Potato RotationsAccurate prediction of multiple-year N availability froin organic sources is difficult and can complicate nitrogen management for producers using these sources. The objective of this study was to use corn yield and soil N monitoring to evaluate long-term nutrient availability from rotational systems on an irrigated Alfisol in central Michigan. Over a 5-year period, multiple crop sequences were grown with either annual liquid dairy manure at 12,260 L ha-' or conventional mineral fertilizer application... |
8. Sulfur and Nitrogen Starter Fertilizer for Corn in Northern ClimatesThe combination of cool and wet weather in early spring can reduce the amount of S and N released in soil by decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, particularly in reduced- tillage or no-till cropping systems. Recent changes to S emission regulations have decreased the amounts of S that is deposited to the soil through attnospheric channels. Field studies were initiated in 2005 at five corn (Zea mays L.) sites in Michigan to evaluate the effects of S and N starter fertilizer on nutrient... |
9. Field Measurements of Nitrous Oxide Emissions across a Nitrogen Fertilizer Gradient for Corn Cropping SystemsSignificant reductions in nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions from corn (Zea maize L.) cropping systems may be possible by reducing N fertilizer i nputs with relatively little impact on crop grain yield or economic return. To te st this hypothesis, experiments we re conducted at 4 locations in corn production in Michigan in 2007. All sites were under a corn-soybean rotation. Prior to planting, six rates of urea fertilizer (0-200 lb ac -1) were broadcast and incorporated into four replicate plots (RCBD)... |
10. Evaluation of the Greenseeker Active Sensor for Sugarbeet Cropping System Nitrogen ManagementThe application of adequate, non-excessive rates of N fertilizer to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.) continues to increase in importance with rising fertilizer costs and industry transitions from yield-based payments to payments weighted towa rd crop quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of an optical sensor for its potential in assessing in-season sugarbeet N status, in-season yield prediction, and total N in foliage on day of harvest. Six N fertilizer treatments, from 0 to 224... |
11. Delayed-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on In-Season Soil Nitrogen for Michigan Sugarbeet ProductionDelayed-release N fertilizers have received attention for Michigan sugarbeet production as producers seek to improve the timing of N ava ilability to better match plant demand and to maximize plant N use efficiency. The N release ch aracteristics of these products are particularly important in sugarbeet production, where excessive N availability late in the season can have adverse impacts on crop quality. The objective of this research was to evaluate delayed-release N fertilizer sources, alone... |
12. Manure Management Practices to Limit Nutrient Loss from Frozen Agricultural FieldsManure applied to crop areas can be an importa nt source of plant nutrients for crop production and may improve soil quality. Relatively small amounts of nutrients especially phosphorus (P) from manure reaching water bodies can signifi cantly increase eutrophication and impair water quality. Most recommendations indicate not to apply manure to fro zen soils because the risk of nutrient loss to surface water may be increased. Our research objective was to determine the influence of manure application... |
13. Survey of the Tissue Nutrient Status of Winter Wheat in KentuckyA field survey conducted in western Kentucky (KY) was initiated to determine if University of Kentucky soil fertility recommen dations for winter wheat production was adequate. Twenty- nine fields in 15 western KY counties were iden tified by county extension agents for sampling. Soil and tissue samples were collected for anal ysis in a 150 foot by 150 foot sampling area. Approximately 100 flag leaf samp les were collected, air-dried, ground, and analyzed for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S, B, Zn, Mn, Fe, and... |
14. Managing Riparian Buffers to Improve Soil Structural PropertiesFifty-five percent of Kentucky's stream impairments have been attributed to agriculture. Riparian buffer management may improve buffer effectiveness and reduce agricultural contaminants impairing water quality. Three mowing regimes and one native grass establishment regime were imposed in the riparian buffer zone surrounding a tributary of Cane Run Creek in Fayette County KY. Treatment plots measured 10m x 15m, with 10 replications of each treatment. One year after treatment, root biomass, soil aggregate... |
15. Integrating Management Zones and Canopy Sensing for Improved Nitrogen Recommendation AlgorithmsActive crop canopy sensors have been studied as a tool to direct spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in maize, with the goal of increasing the synchrony between N supply and crop demand and thus improving N use efficiency (NUE). However, N recommendation algorithms have often proven inaccurate in certain subfield regions due to local spatial variability. Modifying these algorithms by integrating soil-based management zones (MZ) may improve their accuracy... J. Crowther, J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, T. Shaver, D. Krull, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, B. Krienke, T. Mieno, T. Ingram |
16. Comparison of Ground-Based Active Crop Canopy Sensor and Aerial Passive Crop Canopy Sensor for In-Season Nitrogen ManagementCrop canopy sensors represent one tool available to help calculate a reactive in-season nitrogen (N) application rate in corn. When utilizing such systems, corn growers must decide between using active versus passive crop canopy sensors. The objectives of this study was to 1) determine the correlation between N management by remote sensing using a passive sensor and N management using proximal sensing with an active sensors. Treatments were arranged as field length strips in a randomized complete... J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, L. Thompson, B. Krienke, N. Mueller, T. Ingram, D. Krull, J. Crowther, T. Shaver, T. Mieno |