Proceedings
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1. Can Soil Information Better Inform Canopy Sensor Algorithms for Corn?Corn production is often limited by the loss of nitrogen (N) due to leaching, volatilization and denitrification. The use of canopy sensors for making in-season N fertilizer applications has been proven effective in matching plant N requirements with periods of rapid N uptake (V7-V11), reducing the amount of N lost to these processes. However, N recommendation algorithms used in conjunction with canopy sensor measurements have not proven accurate in many fields of the U.S. Cornbelt, resulting in... , N.R. Kitchen, J. Camberato, P.R. Carter, R.B. Ferguson, F.G. Fernandez, D.W. Franzen, F.G. Fernandez, E.D. Nafziger, C.J. Ransom, , J. Shanahan, G.M. Bean |
2. Which Corn Nitrogen Fertilization Rate Tools Preforms the Best in the Midwest?Publicly-available nitrogen (N) rate recommendation tools are utilized to help maximize yield in corn production. These tools often fail when N is over-applied and results in excess N being lost to the environment, or when N is under-applied and results in decreased yield and economic returns. Performance of a tool is often based on the specific soil and weather conditions of a growing season. Research is needed to determine which tools are the most effective at recommending economical optimal N... |
3. Effects of Nitrogen Managemetn on Maize Yield and Nitrate Leachingon Irrigated Sandy SoilsIrrigated sands are some of the most productive and environmentally sensitive areas in Minnesota. Reducing nitrate leaching is critical for corn (Zea mays L.) production as ground water is a major source of drinking water in these soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate agricultural technologies that may improve nitrogen (N) management for profitable corn production and mitigate negative effects in groundwater. A randomized complete block design with four replications was established... |
4. Precision Phosphorus Management for SoybeanSoybean responds to phosphorus fertilization in the Midwest. Most correlation and calibration data suggests that soybean is less responsive than corn. Because of this. normal management in the Upper Midwest is to fertilize before the corn crop in a corn-soybean rotation for both the corn crop and following soybean crops. This saves the cost of one application and the logistical problem of fertilization with P after a corn harvest. This management works well in soils tvith a pH less than 7.4 and... |
5. Spatial Variability of Soil Test Phosphorus, Potassium, pH and Organic Matter ContentAs part of a larger study investigating the potential for variable fertilizer N application in corn production, 18 field sites were established on farms across Ontario intensively sampled in the 1995 and 1996 field seasons to assess the spatial variability of soil test P, K, pH and organic matter content. Soil parameters typically display a log-normal distribution (positive skew) which would generally result in the under-fertilization of a greater area of a field if the rate of fertilization was... |
6. Impact of Liquid Hog Manure and Inorganic Phosphorus (P) Fertilizer Additions on Soil Test P and P Uptake by RyegrassOntario recently introduced a phosphorus (P) index to assess the relative risk of surface water contamination resulting from P application to cropland, and to suggest possible management strategies and application restrictions to reduce this risk. The index incorporates various soiVsite characteristics (soil test P level, erosionlmnoff potential etc.) as well as management practices (rate and method of P application). Within the development of the P index, questions were raised regarding the relative... |
7. Effect of Timing of Broadcast Potassium (K) on Soybean Yield and Seed K ContentIn Indiana, the common practice is for K fertilizer to be applied in advance of the corn crop for both crops in the rotation, relegating soybean to feed on the application residual. Producers are concerned that current University guidelines and common practices for K management in corn- soybean rotations do not fully recognize the particular K needs of the soybean crop as differentiated from the corn crop. A four-location, six-year field study was conducted to investigate the effects of rate and... |
8. Impact of Stratified Potassium and Water Content of No-Till Soils on Soybean Growth and YieldLow potassium (K) concentrations in subsurface soil and reduced water content in the K- enriched surface soil are thought to cause K-related yield reductions in rain-fed soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Our objectives were to examine root-to-shoot ratios through ontogeny and yield components in relation to stratified soil water and K. Soil and plant samples were collected at V6, R2, R4, and R6 from a 2-year field study. Additionally, a greenhouse split-root ot study in P a complete factorial design,... |
9. Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Corn Development and Root Distribution in Conservation TillageIn conservation tillage systems, like no-till (NT) and strip-till (ST), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) typically become vertically and/or horizontally stratified in the soil. This stratification has the potential to make P a nd K less available and to limit corn yield. The objective of this study is to determine the infl uence of tillage and P and K placement and rate on soil P and K content, soil water status, root and shoot development, and grain yield of corn. The experiment was arranged in... |
10. Recent Perspectives for Starter Fertilizer Use on Corn in MinnesotaApplication of fertilizer with the seed at planning has been a popular choice for Minnesota corn farmers to get their crop off to a fast start. Traditionally the salt index of a fertilizer has been important in farmers' management decisions. A research study was conducted at six locations on fine and coar se textured soils around Minnesota. Three fertilizer grades, 4-10-10, 10-34-0, and 3-18-18 were compared at two rates and in three placements relative to the seed. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)... |
11. Soybean Growth Components as Influenced by No-till and Strip-till Systems and Different P and K Rates and PlacementsReduced tillage and broadcast phosphorus (P) a nd potassium (K) applications can lead to accumulation of these nutrients in the soil surfa ce. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of conservation tillage (no-till and strip-till) and rate/placement of P and K on soybean production. The experiment was arranged in a split-split-block design with three replications with tillage/placem ent no-till broadcast (NTBC), no-till deep placement at 15 cm (NTDP), and strip-till deep placement... |
12. Current Perceptions on Soil Fertility Recommendations and Status of Soil Fertility in IllinoisWhile most soils in Illinois are generally recognized for their high productivity, regular application of phosphorus (P), pot assium (K), and limestone are necessary to maintain their productivity. Determination of soil P, K, and pH levels through soil analysis is necessary to guide application of these nutrients and limestone. Due to recent high fertilizer prices there has been interest from producers to temporarily reduce or eliminate P and K applications without reducing crop yield. In an effort... |
13. Managing Trade-offs of Winter Rye As a Cover CropWinter rye (Secal cereale L.) is a commonly used cover crop in Wisconsin due to its effectiveness in reducing soil erosion, scavenging nitrogen, and improving soil health. However, the potential trade-offs of using grass cover crops are decreases in corn yield driven by nitrogen uptake and immobilization. The study aims to determine the single year effect of rye seeding rate on rye biomass and optimum nitrogen rate of the subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) crop, while also... M. Schauer, M. Ruark |
14. US Midwest Dairy Manure Nutrient Observations 2012-2022Dairy manure is a source of organic nutrients with variable manure characteristics. This analysis drew 2012-2022 data from ManureDB, the manure and organic amendment database developed by the University of Minnesota. Thousands of solid dairy and liquid dairy manure samples across 2012-2022 were evaluated for book value comparisons, temporal trends, and regional differences for total N, NH4-N, P2O5, and K2O analytes. The only significant trend detected... N. Bohl Bormann, M. Wilson, E.L. Cortus, K.A. Silverstein, K.A. Janni, L. Gunderson |