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1. Real-Time Soil Nitrate SensingIon-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs) have inherent features such as small dimensions. low output impedance. high signal-to-noise ratio, low sample volumes and the potential for mass production, which are required for a real time soil sensor. However, ISFETs have the disadvantage of long-term drift, which is diminished by the use of a Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) system. In fact, FIA and ISFETs are complementary since the small sample volumes and rapid response of ISFETs allow the miniaturization... |
2. Deep Tillage in a Corn-Soybean Production SystemMany crop producers in the Midwestern United States are currently using deep tillage, accomplished with equipment designed to run at depths of 30 to 40 cm, even though the effects of this practice are not well characterized. We assessed the effects of deep tillage, no tillage, and chisel plowing in the fall, with and without secondary tillage in the spring, on penetrometer resistance, plant stand, and yield of corn and soybean grown in rotation. In the spring, averaged across two years and six locations... |
3. Detecting Spatially Variable Corn Nitrogen Needs Using Green Reflectance from 35MM PhotographsRising fertilizer costs and environmental concerns are reasons producers are looking to decrease nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. This study investigated the use of relative green reflectance fiom 35 rnrn aerial photographs to detect spatially variable corn [Zea mays L.] N needs for developing variable rate fertilizer maps. Photographs were taken at three different growth stages (V7, V11, R3) at altitudes from 3,000 to 5,500 fi for two Missouri fields representing alluvial and deep loess soil types.... |
4. Do Different Corn Hybrids Have Different N NeedsThere continue to be claims that N management can be tailored to better fit specific hybrids. but there has been no recent confirmation that hybrids differ consistently in their N response. We tested the response of ten hybrids to N rates over two years (2003 and 2004) in a productive. silt loam soil near Urbana, Illinois. The previous crop was corn. Main plots consisted of five N rates (0, 60. 120, 180, and 240 Ib Nlacre), and ten Burrus corn hybrids (438Bt, 330, 442, 576, 583Bt, 625. 645, 727,... |
5. Determining Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rates with the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test and Soil Organic Nitrogen FractionsDevelopment of a diagnostic test to estimate soil N supplying capability is a continuing research need. The Illinois soil nitrogen test (ISNT) has been proposed as a method for adjusting corn (Zea Mays L.) N recommendations for to account for soil organic N contributions. We evaluated the ISNT as a tool for predicting corn N response in Wisconsin by comparing ISNT values and corn N response data from-81 experiments conducted between 1984 and 2004 with a range of crop rotations, management histories,... |
6. Corn Hybrid Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer RatesEfficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is becoming increasingly important in modem corn (Zea mays L.) production due to rising nitrogen fertilizer prices and growing concerns about NO3- contamination of ground and surface waters. Interest has arisen in whether nitrogen management can be improved by choosing hybrids that respond better to nitrogen. In order to see if hybrids respond differently to varying rates of N fertilizer, we grew nine hybrids at five N rates for three years at Urbana: Illinois.... |
7. Chloride Fertilization on Wheat, Corn, and Grain SorghumResearch in the Pacific Northwest and the Northern Great Plains has documented positive cereal grain responses to chloride (CI) fertilization. Field research was conducted in Kansas evaluating CI fertilization on winter wheat, corn, and grain sorghum. Chloride fertilization consistently and significantly increased plant CI concentrations in all crops. Chloride fertilization increased grain yields or one or more winter wheat cultivars at 3 of 4 sites. The most dramatic yield increases were at the... |
8. Soil and Soybean Responses to Planting into Terminated Prairie StripsPrairie strips are a new conservation practice that are currently implemented in 14 Midwest US states. Prairie strips have been shown to reduce runoff, increase soil health, retain sediment and nutrients, increase biodiversity and have no effect on surrounding crop yield. Due to the comprehensive improvements to soil health under prairie strips, researchers and growers are interested in rotating them on 10-15 year cycles. We have little-to-no knowledge on the effects of planting crops in... C. Dutter, M. St cyr, M. Mcdaniel, C. Carley, A. Singh |
9. Manure Total Nitrogen Variability Due to Analytical Method and Total Solids ContentKnowing the nutrient analysis of a fertilizer source is essential to ensure adequate nutrients for crop growth, while not causing potential environmental impacts by overapplying nutrients. Using manure as a nutrient source can complicate matters as the nutrient content can be variable and the manure can come in a range of liquid to solid consistencies. There are multiple laboratory methods to determine different nutrient parameters and for manure total nitrogen levels the most common methods... N.L. Bohl bormann, M.L. Wilson, E.L. Cortus, J. Floren, R.O. Miller, L. Gunderson |
10. Updating Phosphorus Recommendations for IllinoisIllinois soil phosphorus (P) recommendations are outdated and make use of concepts such as soil P supply power are outdated. This 2022 Illinois State Report provides a summary and outlook on key considerations for P recommendations that may be instructive to other North Central states. ... A. Margenot |
11. County-Level Phosphorus Balances for 2017 in IllinoisCropland phosphorus (P) balances (manure and fertilizer P minus crop P removal) are great sustainability tools to assess long-term managements at farm, county, and state levels. Our objectives were to estimate county, regional, and state-level cropland P balances for Illinois in 2017. Based on the census data in 2017, Illinois county P balance ranged from -14.38 to 36 lb/acre/yr. Overall, Illinois had a negative P balance at about -3 lb/acre/yr. About 71% of counties, had a negative P balance,... X. Liu, S. Xu, A. Margenot, A. Sadeghpour, O. Zandvakili, M. Guzel |
12. Phosphorus Management in the North Central Region: A Brief History, Current Unknowns and Next StepsThe history of phosphorus (P) reflects the history of agriculture in the North Central region. The yield-limiting importance of P, secondary to nitrogen, was recognized as at the turn of the 19th century. An overview of key developments and unfinished business following the picking of these low hanging fruit in the 20th century that face researchers, agronomists, and producers will be discussed. These include assessing P mobility, P sources from fertilizer versus soil, the concept of... A. Margenot |