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1. FS Green Plan Lender's Review- Introducing Local Lenders to FS Green Plan Crop ProductionGeneral 1. Increase communications between local lending agency Objectives: personnel and member company staff. 2. Introduce the FS GREEN PLAN crop production program to lenders. Familarize them with what FS has to offer their farmer cl ients. 3. Show lenders how FS GREEN PLAN programs recommend optimum production inputs to maximize crop profits for farmers. 4. Emphasize the availability of economic and net income projections to the farmer and his banker through use of the GREEN PLAN program. 5.... |
2. Small Grain Response to Potassium and Chloride AdditionsStudies have been conducted over a three-year period to determine the frequency and the cause of small grain response to KC1 additions on high K soils. During the first two years responsiveness of hard red spring wheat, spring barley, and oats were compared at six locations in eastern South Dakota. Broadcast applications of 167 lbs/A of KC1 caused grain yield increases significant at the 0.05 probability level at four sites for wheat and two sites for barley while no oat yield increases were measured.... |
3. Effect of Ammonia Knife Spacing on Corn YieldExperiments were conducted at DeKalb on a Drummer sicl, Dixon Springs on a Alford silt loam and Elwood on a Blaunt sicl to evaluate the effect of ammonia knife spacing at varying N rates and on different tillage systems on the yield of corn Nitrogen was awlied at 180 1bs N/acre at bath DeKalb and El& and at 210 lbs N/acre at Dixon Springs in the knife spacing by tillage study. In the rate by knife spacing by time of application study at DeKalb, the preplant nitrogen was placed under where the rows... |
4. Optimum N Rates for Corn Production as Influenced by Crop RotataionFertilizer N efficiency in corn production has become a'hot' research topic in the 1980's. Increased concerns of nitrate-N entering the groundwater and the potential for improving the profitability of corn producers are the impetus for fine-tuning fertilizer N recarmnendations. Crop production factors such as improved diagnostic techniques, full utilization of symbiotic N fixation, and crop rotation have been gaining widespread research support throughout the United States. The adoption of crop rotations... |
5. Water Quality Issues and Activities in MinnesotaWithin the last few years there has been considerable public concern over the occunrence of nitrates (NO;) in bath ground and surface waters. ?his is especially significant since 50% of drinking water for the U.S. tames fm g-muthter supplies and this increases to 85% in the rural areas (CAST, 1985). The issue has at tirrres becaw emotioml and fingers have been pointed regarding the cause of nitrates in our water supply. Consequently, steps are being taken to establish the relationship between N... |
6. Intensive Wheat Managent in the Corn BeltIntensive wheat management (ICX) is based on European cropping systems including narrow row spacing, precise seeding rates, multiple nitrogen (N) fertilizer application, fungicide application for disease control, and plant growth regulator (PGR) application for lodging control. Components of this cropping system were compared to current recommended management (CRM) practices with 12 varieties during 1986-87. The purpose for the experiment was to determine the responsiveness of soft winter wheat varieties... |
7. Effects of Residue Density Levels on the Response of No-till Corn to N Fertilizers and InhibitorsExperiments were conducted from 1989-91 at tho southern Illinois locatio~ls (~elle\?ille and Car*bcrndale) to evaluate the effect of residue levels un the perfor-mance of N fertilizers, urease inhibitors, and placenient on the response of no-till conl. Levels of 0, 50, 100, and 200 percent of existing (pre-plant) amounts were established in the crop residues of previous corn. Kitrogen fertilizers were urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution (dribble, injection. and split-applied) and urea (broadcast-applied).... |
8. Hybrid and Potash Effects on Root Growth in Ridge-till CornPotassium deficiency symptoms often appear in ridge-till and no-till corn even when soil test values for potassium are high. Certain hybrids are morc sensitive to the problem than others. Two techniques were used to assess root activity arid density in a three year experiment at the West Central Experiment Station, Morris, MN. We compared two tillage systems (fall chisel and ridge till). two hybrids (Pioneer 3732 and 3737) and three fertilizer treatments (control and 40 IbIA banded or broadcast K,O).... |
9. Use of A Wheat Cover Crop to Trap Residual Soil N for No-till CornIn continued work on long-term no-till plots, wheat was tested as a winter cover crop to determine how much carryover soil N it would accumulate from the preceding no-till corn crop and make available to the successive no-till corn crop. Wheat biomass at time of planting no-till corn was about 1.7 times greater following 240 lbs N/A on the preceding corn than following 80 lbs N/A. However, maximum wheat biomass was only about 1 T/A, and contained only 15 lbs N/A more than wheat grown following corn... |
10. A Systems Approach to High Yields, Efficiency and Profits in Corn, Wheat and Doublecropped Soybean RotationUsing a systems approach friendly to the environment, a three-crop/two-year no-till system has shown significiant yield increases in a three-year research project conducted at the Poplar Hill Research and Education Facility in Quantico, Maryland. In each case, corn, wheat, and doublecropped soybean yields exceeded average yields produced on Maryland's Delmarva Peninsula. Instrumental in producing these superior yields were enhanced fertility, supplemental water, and appropriate variety selection.... |
11. Comparison of Mehlich-3, Olsen, and Bray-P1 Procedures for Phosphorus in Calcareous SoilsFertilizer recommendations for P generally are based on soil testing. Although a variety of soil tests are reliable for evaluating plant available P of neutral or slightly acid soils. there is still uncertainty about appropriate soil tests and soil-test interpretations for calcareous soils. The Bray-P 1 and Olsen methods are the most widely used soil-test P methods in the North Central region. Extensive research has shown that the Bray-P1 test is reliable on neutral or acid soils but that it tends... |
12. Correlation and Calibratin of the SMP Lime Requirement Test with Direct Titration of Soil AcidityThe SMP Buffer method (Shoemaker, et al, 1961) of routinely determining lime requirement on soil samples has been used at the University of Kentucky Soil Testing Laboratory (UKSTL) since the mid-1960's. Initial correlation and calibration for Kentucky soils was a result of incubating several soil samples over a period of time after mixing different rates of lime with them (D.E. Peaslee, 1975, personal communication). During the ensuing years, county agricultural extension agents have raised many... |
13. Nutrient Credits for Manure--Differences Between Theory and RealityIt has been a mainstay recommendation for many years--take credit for the nutrients in the manure you spread on your fields. While it may seem that everyone is referring to an identical procedure, there are numerous strategies to crediting nutrients contained in manure. Although it appears to be simple, the complexities involved in crediting have resulted in few livestock and crop producers properly crediting nutrients from manure. Research and educational efforts have sharply increased in the past... |
14. Foliar Fertilization of SoybeansExtensive research addressed foliar fertilization of soybeans at reproductive stages during the 70s and 80s. The soybean plant has been characterized by markedly reduced root activity during late seed development and increased translocation of nutrients and metabolites fiom other tissue into the seed. This depletion of numents from leaves could result in decreased photosynthesis. leaf senescence. and lower grain yields. Researchers theorized that if nutrients were applied directly to the foliage... |
15. Nitrogen Management and its Influence on N Losses to Surface Water Through Subsurface Tile LinesSubsurface tile drainage from row-crop, agricultural production systems on high organic matter soils has been identified as a major source of nitrale entering surface waters in the Mississippi River Basin. Tile drainage studies have been conducted on three drainage research facilities at two locations in Minnesota since 1973. Nutrient and crop management systems including rate and time of N application. N sources (fertilizer, dairy manure and hog manure), nitrification inhibitors, cropping systems,... |
16. Winter Annual Legume Cover Crops in a Wheat Grain Sorghum Rotation in South Central KansasWinter annual legumes in humid regions ofthe country can have a positive effect on subsequent corn (Zea mays) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) crops, mainly through N contribution of the legume and. in some cases, soil improvement. However, water use by the cover crop in drier regions has the potential to reduce yields in subsequent crops. This study was initiated in south-central Kansas to look at the agronomic implications of adding a winter annual legume cover crop to a winter wheat (Triticum... |
17. Corn and Soybean Response to Potassium Fertilization and PlacementI\ncreased adoption of conservation tillage, evidence of large within-field nutrient variability, and an apparent increase in the Frequency of crop potassium (K) deficiency symptoms in Iowa and other states have prompted questions about the effectiveness of current soil-test K interpretations and fertilizer recommendations. These questions relate to fertilizer placement and management of within-field nutrient variability. Broadcast placements are less costly than banded placements but they seem inefficient... |
18. Iowa Soil-Test Field Calibration Research Update- Potassium and the Mehlich-3 ICP Phosphorus TestIowa soil-test interpretations and fertilizer recommendations for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were last updated in 1999. The only change from previous recommendations (Voss et al., 1996; Voss and Mallarino, 1996) was to add interpretations for the Mehlich-3 (M3) P and K tests to existing interpretations for the Bray-1 P, Olsen P, and ammonium-acetate K tests (Voss et al., 1999). The interpretations for the ammonium-acetate and M3 K tests are similar because comparisons of amounts of K extracted... |
19. Relationship Between Soil P and P in Surface Runoff and Subsurface Drainage- An Overview of Ongoing ResearchNonpoint source pollution fiom agricultural fields has the potential to accelerate eutrophication of fieshwater ecosystems. In a report of water quality in the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency sited agriculture as the primary source of pollution in 60% of impaired river miles, 30% of the impaired lake acres and 15% of estuarine square miles @PA, 1998). Phosphorus, in particular, has received much attention due to its role as limiting nutrient in many fieshwater ecosystems (Correll,... |
20. Soil Phosphorus Spatial Distribution in Pastures Receiving Poultry Litter ApplicationsEnvironmentally-based P management strategies could be improved by debeating management zones incorporating the effects of landscape position on soil morphology, hydrology, and soil P distribution. Three farm pasture sites in SW Missouri receiving long-term poultry litter applications were sampled by landscape position (summit, shoulder, upper backslope. middle backslope, lower backslope, footslope, drain) for soil P (Bray 1 P, CaCl2 P, total P) at two depths (0-5 cm, 5- 15 cm). Low landscape positions... |
21. Visual Correlation of Aerial Imagery with Topography and Crop YieldA study is currently being conducted on several farms to evaluate the usefulness of aerial imagery of soil and of a growing crop to delineate within-field management zones for the purposes of site-specific management. Presented is information for one site in Kent county Ontario for which correlations between aerial images taken of the soil and of the growing crop with the spatial patterns of measured topography, soil texture, and corn yield were examined. Visual interpretation indicated a very good... |
22. In-Furrow Starter and Broadcast Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization for CornIncreasing awareness of potential impacts of farming on the environment has renewed interest in further study of fertilizer management strategies that reduce nutrient inputs. Fertilizer recommendations for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) usually are based on soil-test values and nutrient removal with crop harvest. Many Midwest fmers follow these recommendations. but many others apply removal-based P and K fertilizer rates even in high-testing soils. The typical farmer applies P and K fertilizer... |
23. Corn, Soybean, and Alfalfa Response to Dolomitic and Calcitic LimeCenewed interest in soil pH and liming on some of south-central Minnesota's rnost productive glacial till soils has occurred recently because: (1) intensive "grid" soil sampling has identified areas of fields that are generally considered below optimum pH ( (2) the availability of site-specific application technology to treat only below-optimum pH soils in fields that contain significant variability in soil pH, and (3) near neutral pH is believed to be necessary for achieving exceptionally high yields.... |
24. Soil-Test Potassium Field Calibrations for Soybean Iowa Interpretations and Research UpdateThere is a long history of potassium (K) fertilization research for soybean and other crops in the North-Central Region. Sustained Iowa field research efforts focused on developing soil-test K (ST10 interpretation and on studying impacts of K fertilization strategies on grain yield and STK. Because of changes in the soil-test K method used in Iowa, this information collected over time should be evaluated separately. The field crop response and STK calibration research conducted Erom the late 1960s... |
25. Swine Manure Phosphorus Use for Crop Production in IowaImproving manure phosphorus (P) management guidelines should result in a more efficient use of thls resource for crop production and in lower risk of P loss to surface water resources. Phosphorus fertilizers are widely used in crop production, there is a great deal of information about their use, and farmers have little doubt about their value to improve crop yield in low- testing soils. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty concerning the value of manure nutrients for crops and about cost-effective... |
26. Assessment of the Combined Effects of Soil pH and Carbonates on Soybean Yield and Development of Iron Deficiency ChlorosisSoybean is extensively grown in areas of the Midwest where fields often have areas of acid to calcareous soils intermingled in complex spatial patterns. Soil pH is highly buffered by carbonates, and measured pH usually ranges from 7.5 to 8.3 depending on the concentration of C02 and other factors. Soybean grown on high-pH calcareous soils often shows iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis (IDC). Symptoms of IDC include yellowing of interveinal areas of young leaves and, as the deficiency becomes severe,... |
27. Should We Abandon Soil Testing and Yield Goals in Estimating Nitrogen Rates for CornIf the prices of corn and fertilizer-N and the shape of the N response function relating crop yield to the amount of fertilizer used are known, calculating an economically optimal N rate (EONR) for maximizing the net return to applied N is straightforward: the EONR is the N rate at which no firher increase in net return occurs. In most cropping systems and under common price scenarios, crop yield at the EONR is within 95 to 99% of the maximum yield obtained for the specific management package. In... |
28. Silage Specific Corn Hybrids for Silage Production in KentuckyFour corn hybrid types at three plant densities and two nitrogen rates were evaluated for forage yield, forage quality and ensiled quality. The four hybrid types included nutri-dense (ND), waxy (WX), leafy (LF), and dual-purpose (DP); while the three target plant densities were 54 000, 68 000, and 81 000 plants ha; and the nitrogen rates were 134 and 224 kg ha". WX consistently had low forage and grain yields compared with the otl~er types. When averaged over nitrogen rate and hybrid: plant density... |
29. Starter Potassium for Corn: Why and WhenStarter fertilizer application can complement broa dcast P and K fertilization for corn and other crops. Questions about its use relate mainly to the conditions in which it is most effective (such as soil-test level, tillage syst em, and broadcast fertilization rates among others), application methods and rates that do not damage seedlings, and nutrient ratios. Many studies in Iowa and the Midwest have shown that starter mixtures (usu ally N-P or N-P-K) often increase early corn growth. Corn yield... |
30. Foliar Fertilization and Fungicide Application for SoybeanConcerns over fungal diseases in soybean have renewed interest in applying pesticides for disease control with the goal of increasing grain yi eld. Interest has especially been sparked by discussions of the possibility of Asian Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) spreading north to the North Central region. Because of increasing prices of soybean grain and traditional fertilizers, many Midwest grower s are considering mixing fluid fertilizers and fungicides for foliar application to soybean. Extensive... |
31. Testing Field-Moist Soil For Potassium And Other Nutrients - What's It All About?Potassium (K) is present in the soil in water-soluble, exchangeable (both readily available for crops), non-exchangeable or fixed (may become available over time), and mineral (unavailable) forms. Estimates of soil exchangeable K with the ammonium-acetate and Mehlich-3 extractants from air-dried or oven-dried soil samples are the most widely used soil-test methods for K. These methods provide comparable K test results, and are suggested for the north-central region by the North-Central Regional Committee... |
32. Plant Availability of Phosphorus From Struvite Produced During Corn Bioenergy ProcessingThere is strong interest on recovering nutrients from the waste stream of industrial processing of crop biomass for bioenergy so they can be efficiently utilized as fertilizer materials. Phosphorus (P) can recovered as struvite [NH 4Mg(PO4).6H2O] from the aqueous stream. A low P water- solubility in struvite and previous research with the pure mineral or struvite precipitated from liquid animal manure suggest a slow-release of P from struvite. However, a recent short-term greenhouse study in Iowa... |
33. Residue Harvest Effect on Irrigated, No-till Corn Yield and Nitrogen ResponseImmobilization of applied N is expected when much high C:N crop residue remains in the field as is typical following corn grain harvest. Immobilization of N is expected to be less if crop residue is less. The effect of reduced immobilization on N availability may more than compensate for N removed in residue harvest. Therefore, applied N requirement for a following corn crop may be less if crop residue is reduced through harvest. Residue removal decreased the economically optimal N rate (EONR) by... |
34. Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources to Enhance Tolerance and Recovery of New Corn Hybrids from Early Season Soil WaterloggingCorn (Zea mays L.) production losses due to temporarily flooded or saturated soils resulting from excessive precipitation are a persistent problem in Missouri and the Midwest Region of the United States. In 2011 alone, monetary losses for corn and soybean (Glycine max) production due to excessive flooding in the Midwest were calculated to be more than $1.6 billion. Application of different sources of nitrogen (N) fertilizer may promote increased flood tolerance and recovery in interaction with different... |
35. Potassium Management, Soil Testing and Crop ResponseNew field research is conducted in Iowa as issues or questions arise to assure that nutrient management guidelines are up to date and to address new issues. This article briefly summarizes two major projects with potassium (K) whose results are useful to improve the efficacy of nutrient management and crop production. One project focused on correlating soil-test K methods with response of corn and soybean to fertilization and on obtaining better estimates of the concentration of K in corn and soybean... |
36. Stand Age Affects Fertilizer Nitrogen Response in First-Year Corn Following AlfalfaThrough a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, alfalfa can acquire nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere, use the N for its own growth, and contribute large amounts of N to subsequent crops. To estimate this N contribution, most land-grant universities use book-value N credits based on alfalfa stand density at termination. However, a recent literature analysis indicated that alfalfa stand density is not a reliable predictor of grain yield response to fertilizer N in first-year corn. That analysis... |
37. Phosphorus Sorption Behavior of Kentucky Soils with Varying Indigenous Phosphorus ContentThe risk of phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural lands through surface transport to waterways increases with increasing levels of soil P. Agricultural soils in the Inner and Outer Bluegrass of Kentucky have high indigenous P content. This study investistigates the phsophorus sorption characteristics that influence the soils potential for P loss to water bodies. Four soils from the Inner Bluegrass and four soils from the Outer Bluegrass were identified as eing agriculturally significant soils not... |
38. Adapt-N: A Computational Tool for Precise N Management in CornCurrent approaches to estimation of optimum N fertilizer rates are based on mass balances, average expected economic return based on field experiments, soil N tests, an d crop leaf or canopy sensing. However, denitrification and leaching losses of nitrogen may occur from dynamic and complex interactions among weather, soil hydrology, crop water and N uptake, and management practices , and result in high variability in annual crop N needs in maize ( Zea mays L.) production. W eather impacts the soil... |
39. Management Zone Delineation Techniques to Aid In-Season Sensor Based Nitrogen ApplicationThe increased efficiency of nitr ogen fertilizer (N) use has been a long-term goal in reduction of nitrate contamination in the stat e of Nebraska. Preliminary rese arch has shown sensor based in- season application of nitrogen has the ability to be economic and environmentally viable. Although benefits have been published there is an opportunity for increased accuracy of N application through the integration of preprocesse d georeferenced management zones. In-season sensor based N application relies... |
40. Drainage Management and Nitrogen LossNitrate-N loss through subsurface agricultural draina ge is of local and regional concern in the Midwest. Good drainage and nitrogen management practices have the potential to reduce nitrate- N concentrations and loss from subsurface drainage systems. The five year (2005-2009) nitrogen management study in Pocahontas County, IA suggests that while fall application of fertilizer may result in higher nitrate-N concentrations than spring application during certain period of the growing season; overall,... |
41. A Smorgasbord of Preliminary Results from Field Trials in OntarioField scale trials may be established to support lo cal needs, but the results seldom reach a wider audience. This paper summarizes two recent fiel d studies by staff of the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) on fertilizer use in soybeans and corn. A study of starter fertilizer response in soybeans found that yield responses to fertilizer tended to be relatively small, and seldom large enough to cove r the cost of the added fertilizer. A second study of ammonia volatilization... |
42. Long Term Phosphorus Studies and How they Effect RecommendationPhiosophiesProfitable crop production requires adequate levels of phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. Careful planning is required because of volatile grain and fertilizer prices and increasing public concerns about water quality impa irment due to excess nutrient loss from fields. Higher fertilizer prices may not be a major issue as long as the hist orical ratio between crop and fertilizer prices is approximately maintained, becomes more favora ble, or increases can be predicted. Largely unpredictable price... |
43. Chloride Fertilization on Wheat, Corn, and Grain SorghumResearch in the Pacific Northwest and the Northern Great Plains has documented positive cereal grain responses to chloride (CI) fertilization. Field research was conducted in Kansas evaluating CI fertilization on winter wheat, corn, and grain sorghum. Chloride fertilization consistently and significantly increased plant CI concentrations in all crops. Chloride fertilization increased grain yields or one or more winter wheat cultivars at 3 of 4 sites. The most dramatic yield increases were at the... |
44. Nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin- Sources and Factors Affecting Loss of Nitrate to the RiverNitrogen (N) is a naturally occurring element that is essential to plant growth and crop production. In a soil system, nitrate-N is continually supplied through mineralization of soil organic matter. Other sources of N include fertilizers, animal manures, municipal sewage wastes, agricultural and industrial wastes, atmospheric deposition. and dinitrogen fixation, all of which either occur as nitrate-N or can be converted to nitrate-N through mineralization and nitrification. ... |
45. Do cover crops improve soil health and enhance nutrient availability to cash crops?Bare soils are prone to erosion and lose soluble nutrients. Cover crops provide protection to the soil against erosion and nutrient loss. We hypothesized that the cover crops should uptake available nutrients from the soils in the fall when there is no cash crop, assimilate the nutrients in their tissues, and in the following spring, should release the nutrients back to the soil during the next cash crop growing season. In our study, we are quantifying the nutrients taken up by the cover crops... D. Sanyal, A. Rahhal, H. Bielenberg, J. Wolthuizen, J. Clark, A. Bly |
46. Soybean Response to Potassium Fertility and Fertilizer in ManitobaSoybean acres have increased greatly in Manitoba in recent years, now occupying more than 25% of the province’s annual crop land. Potassium removal by soybean is greater than any other crop grown in Manitoba (1.1 – 1.4 lb K2O/bu). This large removal, accompanied by the large and rapid expansion in soybean acres, has contributed to an increase in province-wide potassium removal rates and likely explains the increase in incidence of potassium deficiency symptoms reported in recent years.... M. Bourns, D. Flaten, J. Heard, G. Bartley |
47. Integrating Management Zones and Canopy Sensing for Improved Nitrogen Recommendation AlgorithmsActive crop canopy sensors have been studied as a tool to direct spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in maize, with the goal of increasing the synchrony between N supply and crop demand and thus improving N use efficiency (NUE). However, N recommendation algorithms have often proven inaccurate in certain subfield regions due to local spatial variability. Modifying these algorithms by integrating soil-based management zones (MZ) may improve their accuracy... J. Crowther, J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, T. Shaver, D. Krull, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, B. Krienke, T. Mieno, T. Ingram |
48. Comparison of Ground-Based Active Crop Canopy Sensor and Aerial Passive Crop Canopy Sensor for In-Season Nitrogen ManagementCrop canopy sensors represent one tool available to help calculate a reactive in-season nitrogen (N) application rate in corn. When utilizing such systems, corn growers must decide between using active versus passive crop canopy sensors. The objectives of this study was to 1) determine the correlation between N management by remote sensing using a passive sensor and N management using proximal sensing with an active sensors. Treatments were arranged as field length strips in a randomized complete... J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, L. Thompson, B. Krienke, N. Mueller, T. Ingram, D. Krull, J. Crowther, T. Shaver, T. Mieno |
49. Stover Removal Effects on Continuous Corn Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Under IrrigationCorn (Zea mays L.) residue or stover is harvested as supplemental feed for livestock and is a primary feedstock for cellulosic biofuels. Limited information is available on corn residue removal effects on grain yield under different nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates, irrigation rates and amelioration practices to minimize soil carbon loss and soil erosion. A study on a silt loam in south, central Nebraska (2011-2016) evaluated potential interactions between stover removal (residue removal,... M. Schmer, V. Jin, A. Sindelar, R. Ferguson, B. Wienhold |
50. Improving Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter Wheat Production in NebraskaWheat producers in Nebraska endured a significant loss in profit due to reduced grain protein in years that had wet springs such as in 2016 and 2017. Among many potential factors, soil nitrogen (N) is the most central factor that affects protein levels in wheat. To investigate the effect of N on wheat grain yield and protein content, field trials across the State were initiated in 2018. The specific objectives of the field study were to evaluate the effects of different N rates and application... |
51. Cover crops nutrients uptake did not cause yield loss in cornBare soils are susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss. Cover crops and residues provide physical protection against erosion and nutrient loss, and improve nutrient cycling as well as biodiversity. We hypothesized that cover crops store available nutrients from the soil in the fall and release them the next spring for the next cash crop, minimizing potential nutrients loss with no adverse effect on cash crop yield. A four site-year study throughout South Dakota was conducted to compare... |
52. Can Cover Crops Help to Improve Soil Health While Having a Positive Effect on Corn Grain Yield?Cover crops have recently gained attention in the U.S. Mid-west because of their potential to increase soil organic matter and improve overall soil health. There is some concern however, that cover crops may negatively impact corn grain yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects that different cover crop mixtures have on soil health measurements and corn grain yield at increasing nitrogen rates. Cover crops were planted in the fall as a dominantly grass mixture, dominantly... |
53. Evaluation of Plant-Available Phosphorus of Dried Residuals from Wastewater Processed for Phosphorus Reduction with Aluminum or IronABSTRACT Wastewater effluent from industrial and municipal water treatment plants requires phosphorus (P) removal before being discharged to surface waters. The resulting residual materials, with elevated P concentration, are usually land applied. Basing P application rates on the nutrient value for crops is the most rational way to utilize this P resource because it would improve farmers economic return while... |
54. Site-Specific Yield and Protein Response to Nitrogen Rate and Timing in Winter WheatNitrogen (N) fertilizer management is crucial in cereal crop production. Improved prediction of optimal N fertilizer rates for winter wheat can decrease N losses and enhance profits. We tested seven N fertilizer rates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg N ha-1) applied at three timings (Fall, Spring, and Split Fall/Spring) in seven small plot trials located in commercial fields... J. Cesario pereira pinto, L. Puntel, L. Thompson, N. Mueller |
55. High Gypsum Application Rates Impacts on Iowa Soil Properties, Dissolved Phosphorus Loss, and Crop YieldGypsum (calcium sulfate) is a common sulfur (S) source for crops and rates in the northcentral region seldom are > 250 lb/acre. It is known that even higher gypsum rates do not raise soil pH. Research in eastern or southeast states showed that in some conditions high gypsum rates can improve other chemical or physical properties and can reduce dissolved phosphorus (P) loss from fields. However, little research has evaluated potential benefits in prairie-developed soils of Iowa and the region.... A.P. Mallarino, M.U. Haq |
56. Benchmarking Nitrogen Recommendation Tools for Nebraska Winter WheatAttaining high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) remains a current research challenge in crop production. Digital ag technologies for site-specific N management have been demonstrated to improve NUE. This is due to the ability of digital technologies to account for the spatial and temporal distribution of crop N demand and available soil N in the field, which varies greatly according to soil properties, climate, and management. In addition, winter wheat protein content is highly... J. Cesario pinto, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, T. Mieno, L. Puntel, G. Balboa |
57. Landscape Position Affects Management Decisions for Crop ProductionLandscape attributes including topographic positions, slope, curvature, elevation, water flow direction and water flow accumulation are well documented in the literature for their effects on crop productivity. Topography influences crop growth and yield by impacting water and nutrient movement in the soil. Under dryland crop production systems, water availability generally depends on topsoil depth, soil organic matter, and curvature of the micro-topography. To improve overall productivity of a... G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
58. Drainage and Nitrogen Management Affects Soil Health and Soil PropertiesMidwestern United States farmers rely on key fertilizer inputs and management of soil drainage to maintain productivity and profitability. Subsurface tile drainage is used extensively throughout the Midwest U.S. to lower the water table and drain waterlogged soils. To improve nutrient use efficiency and sustainable crop production, best management practices such as 4R nutrient stewardship framework is being promoted in conjunction with drainage water management technology. The 4R nutrient stewardship... H. Kaur, K.A. Nelson, G. Singh, G. Kaur |
59. Impacts from Autumn Starter Fertilizer, Late-season Nitrogen, and Fungicide Timing on Winter Wheat Yield, Straw, and QualityIncreased demand for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and climate uncertainties have Michigan growers exploring intensive management strategies to improve both yield and profitability. Field studies investigated the influence of both early and late-season fertilizer applications with multiple fungicide timings on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain and straw. A full-factorial, randomized complete block design investigated two rates of autumn starter fertilizer (AS) (12-40-0-10-1,... K. Steinke, M.K. Suplito, M. Chilvers |
60. Revamping Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for MissouriMultiple nitrogen fertilizer rate decision tools have been developed over the years for recommending nitrogen to growers. These tools are based on mass balance equations with expected yield and yield goal, economically optimum nitrogen rate, preplant soil nitrate test, pre-sidedress and late spring soil nitrate test, plant tissue nitrogen, crop growth models, and canopy reflectance sensing. These tools rarely include biological nitrogen in the rate recommendations. Advances in soil health assessment... G. Singh , J.A. Lory, K.A. Nelson, M. Davis, L. Abendroth, G. Kaur, J. Calhoun, J. Chlapecka |
61. Corn Response to Nitrogen Fixation Technology in Upstate MissouriNitrogen is one of the most expensive corn input costs and is critical for grain production. Nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria convert atmospheric N into organic forms that can be utilized by the plant are common with legumes. The symbiosis between Rhizobia and legumes is a critical plant–microbe mutualism that is essential for high yielding soybean. Recently, an emphasis on developing technology to supply corn with additional N through biological processes has been a focus of several agribusinesses... D.J. Steinkamp, K.A. Nelson, G. Singh, G. Kaur, H. Kaur |