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1. Managing Field Soil Fertility VariationsFertilizer and crop production inputs are most often applied as a single blanket application rate across an entire field. Yet variations in field conditions including soil characteristics and measured crop yield are known to exist and often in a systematic, fashion. Grid soil sampling for fertility variations, plant analyses, and color photography were found to be most useful tools for assessing manageable field variations. Increased profit and environmentally sound improvements in fertilizer use... |
2. Nitrogen Management for Winter Wheat in MissouriEight site years of data have been collected to evaluate nitrogen rate and timing for intensively managed winter wheat in Missouri. Variables have included rates up 160 lbs N per acre applied as all fall, all spring, or split in a fall and spring or fall plus two spring applications. Results have pointed to the split applications of rates at 80 to 120 lbs N per acre as providing greatest consistency and economic return to the grower. Maximum yield has generally been obtained with the 3 way split... |
3. Missouri Grid Soil Sampling ProjectA grid soil sampling project has been conducted over the past three years in S.E. htissouri for creating a database to provide for variable fertilizer application within fields. Results have shown widely varying soil test levels in excess of 100% variation for P and K. Gross returns to variable spreading of P and K are estimated using an expected soil test and nutrient response function. As may be anticipated, returns to variable fertilization application within a field are also highly variable.... |
4. Tillage, Fertilizer Placement Equipment and Residue Compliance- Is There a ConflictConservation compliance is no longer a nightmare for crop producers farming highly erodible land. Instead, it is rapidly becoming reality if those crop producers plan to participate in USDA agricultural assistance programs. In Missouri, farmers are adopting conservation and no-till cropping practices at a very rapid rate. Though not verified, it appears that no-till acres in many north Missouri counties more than doubled from 1991 to 1992. The most cost effective means of reducing soil erosion remains... |
5. Crop Sensor-Based N Rates Out-Performed Producer-Chosen N RatesOptimal N fertilizer rate for corn (Zea mays L.) and other crops can vary substantially within and among fields. Current N management practices do not address this variability. Crop reflectance sensors offer the potential to diagnose crop N need and control N application rates at a fine spatial scale. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of sensor-based variable-rate N applications to corn, relative to constant N rates chosen by the producer. Fifty-five replicated on- farm demonstrations... |
6. Overview of Manure Handling on Steroid Movement in Agricultural Fields from Beef Cattle SystemsManure generated from concentrated animal feeding operations may serve as a source of steroids in surface water and potentially in groundwater. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of steroids and metabolites in runoff from beef cattle production pens, and from runoff and leaching from crop production fields. Cattle were fed a synthetic progestagen, MGA or melengestrol acetate and treated with zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and estradiol implants, while a second group was not... |
7. Slow-Release Fertilizer Effect on Groundwater Nitrogen Concentration in Sandy Soils under Potato ProductionCurrent nitrogen (N) fertilizer management practices for potato farming have led to elevated levels of N in the local groundwater. Slow-release fertilizer, specifically Environmentally Smart Nitrogen® (ESN®) polymer coated urea (PCU ) may reduce the amount of N leaching to groundwater; however no field scale studies have been performed in Wisconsin to validate these assertions. Field experiments were conducted at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station using Russet Burbank potato, planted in... |
8. Can a Winter Rye Cover Crop Mitigate Nitrate Leaching from Corn Production on Irrigated Coarse Textured Soils?Minnesota has approximately 500,000 acres of irrigated coarse textured soils. These soils are very productive but are highly vulnerable to nitrate (NO --N) leaching and ground water contamination. In these soils, most of the NO --N leaching losses take place in early spring and late fall, when precipitation is high and crops have limited water and nutrient uptake. The objectives of this study are 1) quantify the capacity of rye (Secale cereal L.) as a cover crop to mitigate... N. Ricks, F. Fernandez, J. Baker |