Proceedings
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1. Basic Considerations of Soil Compaction, Tillage, and Crop ProblemsSoil compaction is one of the mosc challenging variables in crop production in the Midwest. It affects early crop growth and can lead to yield reductions. The most unusual aspect of soil compaction is the variety of crop symptoms that can develop. Few absolute answers are available on the topic of soil coapac- tion. Our research is lixited to the effects of different soil conditions on yields and some early synptoms that can be caused by soil compact ion. We have developed three principles that... G.C. Steinhardt |
2. Influence of Tillage Systems on Corn Yields and Soil Test ValuesA long term tillage study was initiated at the Greenley Memorial Research Center (Novelty, MO) in 1976 to look at the effects of 4 tillage systemsoncornproduction. Thestudywasinitiatedandconductedby researchers in the Agricultural Engineering Department. Agronomy has become involved in the study beginning in 1985 to assess the effects of tillage systems on soil chemical and physical properties. The upland soils at this site are poorly drained and are generally refered to as "claypan" soils. The climate... |
3. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and time of Application on Mefluidide Treated Smooth BromeLivestock producers who graze beef cattle or dairy animals usually have an abundance of pasture during spring when cool-season grasses grow rapidly. As hot, summer weather arrives, cool-season grasses cease vegetative growth and produce seed. Forage quality decreases as the grasses become dormant. Without alternative pastures or forages, cool season pastures become over-grazed and cattle performance is reduced. Using pastures composed of warm-season grasses that produce maximum dry matter during... |
4. The New Wisconsin Soil Test Recommendation ProgramThe modern Wisconsin soil testing program was originally developed in the early 1960's. It was revised rather thoroughly in 1970 and again in 1981. New research advances, additional correla- tion and calibration data, changes in user needs, and shifts in philosophical viewpoint make it necessary to periodically review the soil testing program and the recommendations that emanate from that program. The current revision is an attempt to incorporate additional research, eliminate certain inconsistencies... |
5. Pass--An Improved System for Combining Dris and Sufficiency Range Approaches to Plant AnalysisThe University of Wisconsin Soil & Plant Analysis Lab (UW-Lab) includes both the Sufficiency Range (SR) and the Diagnosis and Recommendations Lntegrated System (DRIS) interpretations in plant analysis reports. The UW-Lab added the DRIS to its routine plant analysis program in 1992. Soon after its introduction, the DRIS appeared to be diagnosing Ca as yield-limiting in many cases where the SR interpreted Ca as sufficient. The DRIS diagnosis of Ca as deficient also contradicted previous research which... |
6. Effect of Chlorophyll Meter Readings on Improving Nitrogen use Efficiency in Corn ProductionChlorophyll meters have received widespread publicity as tools to measure nitrogen status of corn. Less information is available on whether the use of chlorophyll meters will decrease total nitrogen use or increased corn grain yield. One question that remains is, "How low chlorophyll readings need to go before additional nitrogen is needed?" To determine the impact of a 2 and 4% reduction in chlorophyll readings impact on yield (as measured by a SPAD 502 meter) zero, 50, 100, 150 and 200 lbs Ntacre... |
7. Site-Specific Manure Application Effects on Corn Yield and N StatusManure, a renewable resource, is an excellent source of nutrients that can be substituted for synthetic types of fertilizers. The organic matter in manure can enhance the physical and chemical properties of soils, especially infertile soils, as these soils typically contain low levels of organic matter and nutrients, and have low water holding capacities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of manure application for improving crop yield and N status in less productive areas within... |
8. A Novel Use of Data Translation Allows 3D Prediction of Soil Fertility LandscapesSoil fertility managers need better estimates of the subsoil contribution to the nutrient pool. Thls need could be achieved through 3-D predictions of subsoil fertility using a novel method of soil- profile data translation in relation to a controlling genetic horizon. For this translation, the depth of a controlling pedogenic feature is used as the origin and the rest of the profile is linearly scaled to it. When applied to a group of soils, from across a local or regional landscape, with varying... |
9. Tillage and Nitrogen Application Methodology Affects Corn Grain YieldMore efficient use of fertilizer nitrogen (N) is essential for improved yields and environmental stewardship. While university N recommendations for corn are based on observations typically made in conventional tillage systems, few universities have established research to evaluate if N recommendations should be different for alternative tillage systems. Generally spealung, no-till or minimum tillage systems have been identified as needing additional N to compensate for microbial immobilization of... |
10. Genotype Specific Management for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Kentucky Soft Red Winter WheatThe complex interaction of genotype x environment x management (GxExM) that defines crop yield is often only explored with research on a single genotype or a select few genotypes. Improvements in crop management and understanding local adaptation to climate variability will require a broader understanding of specific genotype interactions with management systems across multiple environments. A multi-year study investigating the potential for variety specific management systems based on phenotypic... |
11. Minimizing Nitrate Loss from Manure-amended Wisconsin Sandy SoilsThe impact of dairy manure application on nitrate leaching was evaluated at two sites with no manure history. Manure treatment (separated-solid manure, separated-liquid manure, separated- liquid manure plus a nitrification inhibitor, and two treatments with no manure) was the main plot. Each manured plot was split into six subplots with three receiving a single sidedress fertilizer application of 0, 56, or 112 kg N ha -1 while the others had two sidedress applications totaling 112 kg N ha-1 with... |
12. Impact of sulfur and its interaction with N rates on wheat and barley in North Dakota and Western MinnesotaEffects of S, N, and their interactions were assessed on grain yields and protein of spring wheat and barley, across eight site years in Western Minnesota (MN), and ten site years (hereafter, sites) in North Dakota (ND) from 2015 to 2019. The studies were to determine if S improves yields and protein in wheat, and if the effects were dependent on N rates. Treatments included all combinations of five N rates of N (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 lbs/ac) and three rates of S (0, 10, 20 lbs/ac) in MN. In... J.M. Teboh, S. Yuja, B.G. Schatz, G. Pradhan |
13. Integrating Management Zones and Canopy Sensing for Improved Nitrogen Recommendation AlgorithmsActive crop canopy sensors have been studied as a tool to direct spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in maize, with the goal of increasing the synchrony between N supply and crop demand and thus improving N use efficiency (NUE). However, N recommendation algorithms have often proven inaccurate in certain subfield regions due to local spatial variability. Modifying these algorithms by integrating soil-based management zones (MZ) may improve their accuracy... J. Crowther, J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, T. Shaver, D. Krull, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, B. Krienke, T. Mieno, T. Ingram |
14. Comparison of Ground-Based Active Crop Canopy Sensor and Aerial Passive Crop Canopy Sensor for In-Season Nitrogen ManagementCrop canopy sensors represent one tool available to help calculate a reactive in-season nitrogen (N) application rate in corn. When utilizing such systems, corn growers must decide between using active versus passive crop canopy sensors. The objectives of this study was to 1) determine the correlation between N management by remote sensing using a passive sensor and N management using proximal sensing with an active sensors. Treatments were arranged as field length strips in a randomized complete... J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, L. Thompson, B. Krienke, N. Mueller, T. Ingram, D. Krull, J. Crowther, T. Shaver, T. Mieno |
15. A Combination of Soil Incubation and Chemical Extraction Tests Best Predicts Corn Yield Response to Fertilizer NitrogenSoil tests in general have served a critical role in the field of soil fertility for over half a century, and have helped to increase crop productivity and promote more efficient use of fertilizers on farms. However, N soil tests have limitations and chemical extraction tests have not predicted well the potentially mineralizable N supplied to corn over a growing season. Thus, these tests often do not accurately predict a corn’s yield response to fertilizer N. We explored 30 soil tests for... M. Mcdaniel, D. Walters, L. Bundy, C. Laboski, P. Scharf, R. Drijber, W. Horwath, J. Sawyer, J. Sawyer, M. Castellano |
16. Corn uptake of soil- and fertilizer-derived nitrogen in response to rate and timing of fertilizer application.While nitrogen (N) fertilizer is essential for high-yielding corn (Zea mays L.) production, over-application or application of fertilizer N before rapid corn N uptake may result in N loss that negatively impacts the environment and reduces fertilizer use efficiency. To better understand how fertilizer rate and application timing impact corn grain yield and fertilizer recovery in the soil-corn system, six two-year field studies were conducted at Minnesota field sites of contrasting soil... |
17. Exploratory analysis of event-based edge-of-field phosphorus lossesUnderstanding how the timing of management activities, particularly manure and fertilizer applications, impacts P losses in runoff can improve farmers’ decisions on when to apply nutrients. The University of Wisconsin Discovery Farms and Discovery Farms Minnesota have been monitoring edge-of-field nutrient losses since 2004. This data set includes over 125 site-years of runoff across 26 fields and includes 1574 individual runoff events. The objectives of this study are to: (i) determine... |
18. Soil and Soybean Responses to Planting into Terminated Prairie StripsPrairie strips are a new conservation practice that are currently implemented in 14 Midwest US states. Prairie strips have been shown to reduce runoff, increase soil health, retain sediment and nutrients, increase biodiversity and have no effect on surrounding crop yield. Due to the comprehensive improvements to soil health under prairie strips, researchers and growers are interested in rotating them on 10-15 year cycles. We have little-to-no knowledge on the effects of planting crops in... C. Dutter, M. St cyr, M. Mcdaniel, C. Carley, A. Singh |
19. Maize Yield Increased by Optimal Timing and Placement of Polymer-coated Nitrogen FertilizerNitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing and placement can manage N availability to improve maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, but polymer-coated N fertilizer offers a different approach to season-long N availability and creates new N management opportunities. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional and polymer-coated N sources across fertilizer timing and placement combinations to optimize maize productivity. Field trials were conducted at three... S. Schwartz, F. Below |
20. Nitrogen Rate and Harvesting Time Based on Growing Degree Days Influenced Winter Cereal Rye Morphological Traits, Forage Yield, Quality, and Farm Profit in Poorly Drained AlfisolsWinter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (WCR) is often double cropped with maize for silage (Zea mays L.) to increase farm forage supply and profit. Spring nitrogen (N) fertilization to WCR could influence its production and quality at different harvesting times. Therefore, two on-farm trials were conducted in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of harvesting time (late-March to end-of-April considering the growth stage) and spring N fertilization... G. Burkett, K. Vaughn, O. Adeyemi, O. Zandvakili, M. Battaglia, S. Babaei, J. Nair, S. Still, A. Sadeghpour |