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1. Effect of Nitrogen Rate and time of Application on Mefluidide Treated Smooth BromeLivestock producers who graze beef cattle or dairy animals usually have an abundance of pasture during spring when cool-season grasses grow rapidly. As hot, summer weather arrives, cool-season grasses cease vegetative growth and produce seed. Forage quality decreases as the grasses become dormant. Without alternative pastures or forages, cool season pastures become over-grazed and cattle performance is reduced. Using pastures composed of warm-season grasses that produce maximum dry matter during... |
2. The Conservation Reserve Program- Changes on the HorizonTen years ago, Congress passed the foundation of current conservation programs--the Food Security Act of 1985. Today, one program in particular, has exceeded many peoples' expectations. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) yas designed to take 40 - 45 million acres of highly erodible cropland out of production for a 10 - 15 year period. As the first CRP contracts begin to expire, Congress and the Administration are grappling with the program's future in the context of the 1995 farm bill. Will the... |
3. Changes in Iowa's Soil Test P and K Interpretations and RecommendationsResearch results from long-term and short-term experimentation in Iowa have been consistent in the response or lack of response of Iowa field crops to applications of fertilizer phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) at various soil test levels for P and K. Analyses of the research data have established critical soil test values for P and K and the most economic soil test range for P and K to maintain (Mallarino, Webb, and Blackmer, 1991a and 1991 b; Mallarino and Blackmer, 1992 and 1994; Webb, Mallarino,... |
4. Effects of Soil Test, Tillage, and Manure and Fertilizer Application Method on Phosphorus RunoffLoss of phosphorus from agricultural lands into surface waters is of growing environmental concein. Phosphorus transported by surface runoff often ends up in streams and lakes and accelerates eutrophication, which affects the ability to use the water for drinking, fishing. recreation. etc (Foy and Withers, 1995). The niajor mechanisms by which agriculture contributes phosphorus to surface water is through runoff and erosion (Sharpley et al., 1994). Controlling run~ff and erosion from agricultural... |
5. Phosphorus Runoff From Incorporated and Surface-Applied Fertilizer and ManureContinued inputs of fertiher and manure in excess of crop requirements have led to a build-up of soil phosphorus (I?) levels, creating an environmental rather than agronomic concern (Sharpley et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil test P level, source of P amendments, tillage, and manure application method on P runoff from agricultural soils. The treatments consisted of swine manure surface applied and injected at rates of 29 and 59 Ib acre-' of P, and triple... |
6. Influence of Soil Test Phosphorus on Phosphorus Runoff Losses from South Dakota SoilsApplications of manure and fertilizer phosphorus (P) to soil in excess of optimal crop requirements leads to a buildup of soil test phosphorus (STP) and increases the risk of offsite transfer of P during heavy precipitation events. The first step to developing effective manure and fertilizer P application strategies for South Dakota is to evaluate the relationship that exists between soil and runoff P. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the relationship between STP and runoff P concentrations... |
7. Corn and Soybean Grain Yield and Concentration of Potassium in Plant Tissues and Soil as Affected by Potassium FertilizationResearch in the Midwest has shown that K fer tilization tends to increase plant K uptake by corn and soybean and the K concentration of vegeta tive tissues. Several studies found that K fertilization usually increases the K concentrati on of vegetative plant parts, often regardless of the soil-test K (STK) level a nd grain yield response (Malla rino et al., 1999; Borges and Mallarino, 2000; Yin and Vyn, 2002a, 2002b; Borg es and Mallarino, 2003; Yin and Vyn, 2003). It is well known that the K concentration... |
8. Using Soil and Tissue Testing to Predict Soybean Yield Response to Foliar Applied Micronutrients in IowaPrior research with foliar application of micronutrients for soybean has shown inconsistent yield responses in Iowa and the western Corn Belt. Iowa has no interpretations for soil or tissue tests for micronutrients in soybean. This study's objectives were to evaluate soybean plant-tissue and grain yield responses to foliar application of boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in Iowa. There were 22 field trials in 2012 and 21 in 2013, which were established in 20 counties and included... |
9. Identification of Reasons for High Temporal Soil-Test Potassium VariationExtensive research has focused on potassium (K) fertlization and soil K testing during several decades in the Corn Belt. IN Iowa, more t han 200 conventional or on-farm strip trials were conducted since the iddle 1990s until the early 2000s. Results of this research were used to update Iowa State University (ISU) K recommendations in 1999 and in 2002. In spite of increasd knowledge about soil-test K calibration, K fertilizer placement meethods, and needed K fertilizer rates, this research demonstrated... |
10. Phosphorus and Potassium Removal and Leaching from Residue in Corn and SoybeanResearch is continually being conducted to adjust and update recomm endations for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and to be tter understand relationships betw een nutrient application, grain yield, nutrient removal with harvest, and soil-test values. Studies in Iowa and other states of the north central region have been used to develop guidelines about P and K removal rates in corn and soybean for use together with soil testing information to manage P and K. There is very large temporal variability... |
11. Soil pH and Lime Management for Corn and Soybean: An Ongoing On-farm ProjectSoil acidity can affect plant growth directly and indirectly by affecting the plant-availability of nutrients, levels of phytotoxic el ements, microbial activity, and ot her soil properties. Soils may become acidic in the long term as a result of several natural processes. In the short term, however, soil acidity develops mainly due to application of N fertilizers or manure, primarily those having high concentrations of ammonium or urea because nitrification releases hydrogen (H) ions. Soil pH decreases... |
12. Deep Banding Phosphorus and Potassium for No-till Corn and SoybeanThe information presented is part of ongoing research to identify effective fertilizer placement methods and diagnostic tools lor phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in no-till corn and soybeans. There is uncertainty about soil test interpretations and cost-effective methods of fertilizer application for the no-till systcni. Moreover, producers are uncertain about the value of soil testing in conservation tillage because of large variability and lack of knowledge concerning techniques for collection... |
13. Variation Among Commercial Corn Hybrids in Response to Agronomic ManagementStrategic selection and utilization of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids for a given yield environment and agronomic management system will require better understanding and documentation of the interactions between current commercial hybrids and agronomic factors that have sizeable impacts on yield. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of N fertility, plant population, and row spacing on grain yield of corn and assessed the range in yield responses among commercial hybrids to these agronomic... E.T. Winans, F.E. Below |
14. Cover Crops and Tillage Interaction on Claypan Soils of Southern IllinoisIncreased nutrient leaching due to agricultural practices such as tillage and fertilization is a significant environmental concern. Nitrogen (N) mineralization stimulated by tillage can increase the risk for nitrate leaching before subsequent crops have an opportunity to take up the N released by microbial activity. An alternative measure for reducing potential nutrient loss via leaching and runoff is use of cover crops (CCs). A field experiment was conducted at the Southern Illinois University’s... S. Gurbir, J. Schoonover, K. Williard, K. Gauge |
15. Cereal Rye and Hairy Vetch Cover Crops for Improving Soil and Water QualitySoil and water quality benefits of cover crops (CCs) have been inferred only from plot scale studies. Replicating cover crops at the watershed scale and expecting similar results to that of plot scale studies need further research. Therefore, cover crop study at Southern Illinois was carried at the plot as well as the watershed scale. The objectives of plot scale study were (i) to evaluate the contribution of fertilizer and soil organic matter (SOM) to N leaching under corn/soybean cropping... S. Gurbir, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, R. Cook, R. Mcelroy |
16. Does Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat Affects Its Yield and Nitrate-N Leaching in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping System?Conventional corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation contributes to nitrate-N and phosphate leaching to waterbodies causing water quality concerns. Two strategies that could minimize N and P losses include (i) incorporating winter rye (Secale cereale L.) (WR) as a cover crop to capture residual nutrients or (ii) intensifying the corn-soybean rotation with winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) (Double cropping). Double cropping WW at a right N... A. Sadeghpour, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K.L. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller |
17. Short Term Effect of Double Cropping and Cover Cropping on Soil Physical PropertiesIntegrating cover crops into corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation has been promoted as a sustainable practice to reduce soil erosion, enhance soil health, and improve agricultural sustainability. However, growers are less inclined to include cover crops into their cash crop rotations especially winter cereals such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.) behind corn. One strategy to minimize the fallow period in corn-soybean rotation is by intensifying the corn-soybean... F. Sheikhi shahrivar, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller, A. Sadeghpour |
18. The Effect of Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping SystemNitrogen fertilizer management plays a critical role in nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in agricultural production systems. This study investigated the impact of nitrogen application in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) double cropping system on winter wheat biomass production, grain yield, and N₂O emissions. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Center (ARC), Carbondale in Southern Illinois University, IL using a Randomized Complete... O. Ola, O. Guzel, K. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller, A. Sadeghpour |