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1. Spacial Variability of Soil Test Phosphorus in a Northern Corn Belt FieldFor some time, an increasing number of fertilizer dealers, crop consultants, and farmers have reported substantial year-to- year variability in soil test values for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Frequently, this variation could be explained by such factors as extremes in soil moisture content at the time of sample collection. In many situations, however, this variation was due to the fact that soil samples were not collected from the same location in the field in two consecutive years. The introduction... |
2. Soil Test Phosphorus and Potassium as Affected by Site Specific Soil Fertility ManagementThe overall objective of this field scaled study was to provide an in-field evaluation of common site specific fertilizer strategies used in corn 1 soybean production. While a team of researchers are working on several specific objectives, this work specifically focuses on three of them. First, to evaluate the variability in soil tests for making site specific phosphate (P) and potassium (K) application. Second, to measure the change in this variability over time as affected by fertilizer management... |
3. The Effect of Tillage and P Fertilizer Placement on P Runoff from Sugar Beet Production SystemsThe objective of this study was to determine the differences in the amount of phosphorus (P) in runoff fiom land under sugar beet production caused by different management practices and phosphorus fertilizer placement. The study was set up as a split plot experimental design, replicated three times. The whole plot treatments were: 1 ) codsoybean rotation, with moldboard plow as primary tillage before soybean; 2) corntsoybean rotation, with chisel plow as primary tillage before corn; 3) sugar beet/soybean/corn... |
4. Near Seed Application of Fluid Fertilizer for Corn Soybean and Sugarbeet ProductionIn recent years, crop producers in Minnesota have shown increased interest in placing fertilizer near the seed at planting. The more traditional 2x2 "starter" band was not an option. Guidelines were needed for banded placement of fertilizer near the seed at the time of planting. This study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 in fields of cooperating crop producers. Three fluid . materials (10-34-0, 4-10-10, 3-18-18) were applied at two rates for corn, soybeans and sugarbeets. In 2004, the materials were... |
5. Short-Term Stability of Soil Test Phosphorus in Agricultural FieldsThe spatial and temporal stability of soil test values is important to the use of soil testing for nutrient management. A study was conducted to evaluate the spatial and temporal stability of soil test phosphorus (P). Five sites ranging in size fiom 9.1 to 10.8 acres were soil sampled in the same locations in a 60 X 60 ft. grid either three or four times over a two year period. Bray 1 -P values were similar or decreased over time while Olsen-P values at two of five sites decreased. One site showed... |
6. Cover Crop Management for Soybean Iron Deficiency ChlorosisIron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC) has been a s oybean production in the Upper Midwest for many years. A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effect of cover crop management under increasing soil nitrate-N concentrations. The study was conducted at two locations each year with histor ies of IDC. The treatments incl ude nitrogen rates of 0, 100, and 200 pounds N per acre applied as Ur ea with and without an oat cover crop. The oat cover crop was planted at a rate of 1 bushe l per acre.... |
7. Comparison of Canopy Sensing Technologies for Corn Nitrogen Management in MinnesotaVarious crop canopy sensing tools are being used to manage nitrogen, but their utility to predict N needs in Minnesota remains unclear. The objectives of this study are to compare the effectiveness of different canopy sensing technologies at predicting corn (Zea mays L.) yield at different development stages, and compare their capability to determine in season N deficiency. Six to seven N rates at 35 to 45 kg N ha -1 increments were pre-plant applied in six fields throughout Minnesota and a rate... |
8. Effects of Nitrogen Managemetn on Maize Yield and Nitrate Leachingon Irrigated Sandy SoilsIrrigated sands are some of the most productive and environmentally sensitive areas in Minnesota. Reducing nitrate leaching is critical for corn (Zea mays L.) production as ground water is a major source of drinking water in these soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate agricultural technologies that may improve nitrogen (N) management for profitable corn production and mitigate negative effects in groundwater. A randomized complete block design with four replications was established... |
9. 4R Nutrient Management for Corn Production on Upper Midwest SoilsCorn (Zea mays L.) demand for nitrogen (N) is often met using inorganic fertilizer on Upper Midwest soils. While applying the right rate of fertilizer N normally has the greatest impact on yield and N use efficiency (NUE), selection of the right fertilizer source, placement, and application timing can fine-tune rate recommendations, improve NUE by matching soil N availability to corn demand, and minimize loss to the environment. Given the diversity of corn production environments, the... J. Spackman, F. Fernandez, K. Fabrizzi |
10. A Combination of Soil Incubation and Chemical Extraction Tests Best Predicts Corn Yield Response to Fertilizer NitrogenSoil tests in general have served a critical role in the field of soil fertility for over half a century, and have helped to increase crop productivity and promote more efficient use of fertilizers on farms. However, N soil tests have limitations and chemical extraction tests have not predicted well the potentially mineralizable N supplied to corn over a growing season. Thus, these tests often do not accurately predict a corn’s yield response to fertilizer N. We explored 30 soil tests for... M. Mcdaniel, D. Walters, L. Bundy, C. Laboski, P. Scharf, R. Drijber, W. Horwath, J. Sawyer, J. Sawyer, M. Castellano |
11. Soil Nitrogen Management is Impacted by Soil Texture and WeatherNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for corn production that is often supplied as inorganic fertilizer, but its use can also lead to environmental degradation. The 4R (right rate, source, time, and placement) approach has been suggested as a framework for N management to improve crop yield and nutrient use efficiency while minimizing environmental contamination. There is not a universal 4R best management strategy, nor should there be because many variables impact N... J. Spackman |
12. Post-Harvest Soil Nitrate Following Corn Production in Eight Midwestern StatesApplying nitrogen (N) at economically optimal rates (EONR) and at times of rapid crop uptake are practices that are thought to minimize the amount of residual soil nitrate (RSN) in the profile that may be susceptible to loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of rate (0 to 280 lb N/a in 40 lb increments) and timing (pre-plant (PP) or PP plus V9 sidedress (PP+SD)) of N application on corn grain yield and RSN in the top 3 feet of soil relative to the calculated EONR. Thirty-two... C. Bandura, C. Laboski, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R. Ferguson, F. Fernandez, D. Franzen, N. Kitchen, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
13. Variation in Internal N Efficiency of Corn and Impact on Yield-Goal Based N RecommendationsInternal N efficiency (IE) is defined as bushels per acre (GY) produced per pound of N per acre (PMN) in the plant at physiological maturity (R6). Internal N efficiency defines the required amount of plant N content at R6 in a yield-goal based N rate recommendations (currently used in 30 U.S. states) and several commercial N recommendation models. Commonly IE is assumed to be constant at an approximate value of 0.8 bu lb-N-1 in yield-goal based recommendations. Our research objective was... M. Shafer, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R. Ferguson, F. Fernandez, D. Franzen, N. Kitchen, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, R. Nielsen, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
14. In-Season Soil Nitrogen as a Predictor of Corn Grain YieldCorn (Zea mays L.) grain yield is closely linked to plant available soil nitrogen (N). Our objectives were to (i) examine the influence of N rate, source, and time of application on N use efficiency with relation to grain yield and total plant N uptake, and (ii) evaluate in-season soil N testing as a tool to determine N rate needs and predict grain yield. During the 2014-2015 growing seasons, 12 fields across Minnesota varying in soil and climate conditions received 1) pre-plant urea (0 to 204... J. Spackman, F. Fernandez |
15. Winter Wheat Grain and Straw Impacts from Autumn Starter and Spring Nitrogen Fertilizer StrategiesThe overwintering success of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be a determining yield factor in Michigan. Autumn-applied starter fertilizer may affect establishment, nutrient uptake, tiller production, and grain and straw yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate soft red winter wheat (SRWW) grain and straw yield in response to autumn applied starter fertilizer, spring nitrogen (N), and varietal stature. A two-year randomized complete block split-plot design with... K. Steinke, L. Thomas |