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1. Fertilizer Recommendations- Fact or FictionFertilizers are all important and expensive part of the crop production systenl in Indiana. Indiana farmers spend nearly a half billion dollars each year on fertilizer and lime. The question is. is this expense really nccessary? Farmers obtain fertilizer reconlmendations from a number of sources. Soil testing labs. fertilizer dealers. crop consultants and extension all make fertilizer reconunendations. In many cases the reconlmendations are quite different. Is there a valid reason for these differences... |
2. Phosphorus Losses in Runoff Water as Affected by Tillage and Phosphorus FertilizationPhosphorus (P) in runoff from cropland can contribute to nutrient enrichment and eutrophication of surface water bodies. Research was continued during 1996 to determine which tillage systems and which methods of applying P fertilizer will result in the least P losses in runoff water for grain sorghum production under somewhat poorly drained soil conditions in east-central Kansas. The tillage systems evaluated were a chisel-disk-field cultivate system, a ridge-till system, and a no-till system. Fertilizer... |
3. Starter Fertilizer for Row Crop Production Under No-till Conditions in Eastern NebraskaStarter fertilizer application often results in increased corn and sorghum yield under no-till conditions, probably due to lower soil temperatures as compared to tilled soil. Five dryland and 5 irrigated corn trials. and 12 dryland grain sorghum trials were established after soybean in 2002 and 2003 on rolling land in eastern Nebraska with different soil types and topographic positions. Three placement positions were compared: in the seed furrow. over the row. and 2" to the side and 2" deep (2x2).... |
4. A Different Approach to Managing Nitrogen in SorghumResearch conducted over the past fifty plus years has been used to develop a Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendation "formula" for grain sorghum which considers factors such as Yield Potential, Residual Nitrate N in the soil Profile, the amount of N mineralized fi-om Soil Organic Matter and Previous Crop Residue, and other potential sources of N such as animal manure or N in irrigation water. The current formula used is as follows: N Rec = Yld x (1.6) - (20 x %SOM) - PNST - PCA - Manure N - Water N When... |
5. Residue Harvest Effect on Irrigated, No-till Corn Yield and Nitrogen ResponseImmobilization of applied N is expected when much high C:N crop residue remains in the field as is typical following corn grain harvest. Immobilization of N is expected to be less if crop residue is less. The effect of reduced immobilization on N availability may more than compensate for N removed in residue harvest. Therefore, applied N requirement for a following corn crop may be less if crop residue is reduced through harvest. Residue removal decreased the economically optimal N rate (EONR) by... |
6. Evaluation of Adapt-N in the Corn BeltNitrogen is the plant nutrient required in the largest quantity, the most likely to be deficient, and the most impactful on corn yield as well as grower profit. Providing N to a corn crop in the right amount while minimizing loss is difficult because of complex biological and chemical reactions that result in the loss of N from the crop root zone via deep percolation to ground water, lateral flow, runoff and erosion to surface waters, and volatile losses to the atmosphere as ammonia, nitrogen gas,... |
7. Irigated Soybean Response to Nitroen Applied During Early Pod FormationHigh yield soybean ( Glycine max L.) has a high rate of N uptake during grain fill with maybe 2/3 of the N derived from the atmosphere. The rema ining needs to come from the soil. Previous research has found that the probability of response to N applied at early pod development (R3) for yield trials, including 44 with mean yield >60 bu/A, we re conducted in Nebraska to determine effect on soybean yield of applying N and S to the soil at R3. With 27 lb/A N applied and >60 bu/A yield, mean yield increases... |
8. Soil N2O emissions in continuous corn as affected by 4R and cover cropsCover crops and 4R nitrogen (N) management are promoted as key practices for reducing nitrate leaching losses, but their impacts on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions remain less certain. This study evaluated soil N2O emissions and grain yield under different timing of N application and cover crops for two years in a tile-drained continuous corn system. Treatments were 224 kg N ha-1 split-applied in fall + pre-plant (Conventional), pre-plant + side-dress (4R), 4R +... G. Preza fontes, L.E. Christianson, C.M. Pittelkow |
9. Fertilizer management and cover crop effects on phosphorus use efficiency, environmental efficiency and crop yieldPhosphorus loss from agricultural production is a significant contributor to the degradation and contamination of surface and ground waters. To help protect these waters, it is vital to maximize agronomic and environmental efficiency of phosphorus in the cropping system. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of cover crops and different phosphorus fertilizer management practices on nutrient use efficiency, environmental efficiency and yield in a no-tillage corn-soybean rotation.... R. Carver, N. Nelson, G. Kluitenberg, K. Roozeboom, P. Tomlinson |
10. Respiration as a Measure of Soil Health: Challenges and OpportunitiesIn recent years, respiration has become a commonly-used soil health metric. It has been used as a standalone predictor of soil N supplying capacity and in conjunction with other metrics to assess overall soil health. However, the sources of variation underlying respiration itself have not been thoroughly assessed. We show that across growing regions in California, respiration was unable to accurately predict soil N supply. The R2 values were much higher in fields that had received a recently-incorporated... J. Wade, S. Culman, T. Hurriso, W. Horwath, R. Miller |
11. Developing a Sustainable Sufficiency ParadigmSustainable conservation practices must align agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals to facilitate widespread and consistent adoption on-farm. Agricultural phosphorus (P) management is a critical control point for detrimental environmental consequences of P loss in surface runoff from agricultural fields. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective and necessary control measure to limit P loss; however, current P fertilizer recommendation systems do not support... M.A. Bourns, N.O. Nelson, D. Ruiz diaz, G. Roa |
12. Effects of Cover Crops on Surface Runoff Under Increasing Precipitation IntensitiesWith climate change increasing the frequency of extreme precipitation events, the risks of erosion, nutrient transport and flooding increase as well. Cover crops (CC) are a best management practice for cropping systems that are vulnerable to soil erosion. The objective was to analyze the effects of CC and precipitation intensity on surface runoff and water quality under natural precipitation events. Runoff and water quality data were collected from 2015-2022 from a corn-soybean cropping... S. Moylan, N.O. Nelson, G. Kluitenberg, A. Sheshukov |