Proceedings
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1. 4R Phosphorus Management for Soybeans in the Northern Frontier: Rate and Placement Effects on Plant Stand, Biomass and Seed YieldVery little research has been conducted to determine the best rate, source, placement, and timing of P fertilizer for modern soybean cultivars grown in the Canadian Prairies. Preliminary results of the two years of field studies at 10 locations in Manitoba showed that typical agronomic rates of seed row P did not decrease plant stand and seed yield at any sites; nor was seed yield increased at any site, even with Olsen P concentrations as low as 3 ppm.... |
2. Educational Applications of Digitized Soil SurveysThe North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Survey of McHenry County Organized Irrigation Districts is approaching publication and represents a first for soil survey in North Dakota. The decision was made to digitize the soil maps to facilitate acreage tabulations and improve methods of generating soil interpretations. While the digitization procedure is costly in terms of start-up labor (programming) and data entry, the benefits allow more flexibility than conventional soil surveys. The... |
3. Nitrogen in the Mississippi River Basin- Sources and Factors Affecting Loss of Nitrate to the RiverNitrogen (N) is a naturally occurring element that is essential to plant growth and crop production. In a soil system, nitrate-N is continually supplied through mineralization of soil organic matter. Other sources of N include fertilizers, animal manures, municipal sewage wastes, agricultural and industrial wastes, atmospheric deposition. and dinitrogen fixation, all of which either occur as nitrate-N or can be converted to nitrate-N through mineralization and nitrification. ... |
4. Site-Specific Manure Application Effects on Corn Yield and N StatusManure, a renewable resource, is an excellent source of nutrients that can be substituted for synthetic types of fertilizers. The organic matter in manure can enhance the physical and chemical properties of soils, especially infertile soils, as these soils typically contain low levels of organic matter and nutrients, and have low water holding capacities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of manure application for improving crop yield and N status in less productive areas within... |
5. A Crop-Based Approach for In-Season N Management of CornOver-application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on corn has resulted in elevated levels of N in ground and surface waters. A major factor contributing to decreased N use efficiency and environmental contamination for traditional corn N management schemes is routine pre-season application of large doses of N before the crop can effectively utilize this N. Our long-term research goal is to reduce these over-applications by using remote sensing to direct fertilizer only to areas needing N at times when... |
6. Corn, Soybean, and Alfalfa Response to Dolomitic and Calcitic LimeCenewed interest in soil pH and liming on some of south-central Minnesota's rnost productive glacial till soils has occurred recently because: (1) intensive "grid" soil sampling has identified areas of fields that are generally considered below optimum pH ( (2) the availability of site-specific application technology to treat only below-optimum pH soils in fields that contain significant variability in soil pH, and (3) near neutral pH is believed to be necessary for achieving exceptionally high yields.... |
7. Nutrient Uptake and Partioning by Soybeans in ManitobaSoybean plants were analysed for nutrient uptake and removal through the growing season. The 45 bufac crop took up some 200 lb Nlac and removed 88% in the grain, leaving little residual N for following crops in the surprisingly high C/N ratio leaf, stem and pod material. Typical rate of N, PzOj and K20 uptake during the growing season were 4, 1 and 4 lb/ac/day, respectively. Much K was lost from senescing leaves. Nutrient translocation from vegetative parts to seed was observed for N, P, K, S, Zn... |
8. Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in a Long-term Research TrialIn 1993, a long term crop rotation study (The Living Field Laboratory) was initiated at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI, designed to investigate the benefits of cover crops in various integrated systems compared to a conventional system without cover crops. Today, with the rising cost of production (i.e. energy and fertiliz er) and continued environmental concerns, there are strong incentives for corn pr oducers to accurately assess N requirements and improve fertilizer efficiency.... |
9. A Nitrogen Rate of Return Calculator for Wheat, Barley, and Canola in ManitobaNitrogen (N) general guidelines in Manitoba ar e reviewed by a panel of government, industry and university experts on an annu al basis and revisions as well as additions and corrections are reflected in the Soil Fertility Guide that is published (as well as posted on the web-site) by Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives. However, a comprehensive review of the N databases for barley, wheat and canola has not been undertaken since September 1990. Post 1988 database of experiments conducted... |
10. Field Evaluations of Nitrogen Ramp Calibration Strips in ManitobaNitrogen Rate Calibration Strips (NRCS) were dem onstrated in some 30 farm fields of cereals, corn and canola. Mid-season assessments of crop yield sufficiency were useful in estimating the adequacy of nitrogen (N) supply. For cereals, rela tive plant height provided a simple and quick indicator of N sufficiency. This NRCS techniqu e has been used to demonstrate the provincial N rate calculator in extension and has been adapted for P de monstrations in alfalfa. ... |
11. Response of Corn to Residue Management and Nitrogen FertilizationInterest in the production of cellulosic fuel production for bioenergy has identified corn (Zea mays L.) as a suitable option. However, residue removal can affect the growth and yield of a following corn crop and its response to N fertilizer. Residue removal may also influence the optimal tillage system with regard to yield and N-use efficiency. In southern Minnesota, concern about yield reductions due to cool, wet soil conditions, partially attributed to high amounts of crop residue, have limited... |
12. Nutrient Deficiency Diagnostic Training with Field and Hydroponically Grown CropsThe Manitoba Crop Diagnostic School was initiated in 1995 and annually provides training for 350 - 400 field agronomists over a two week period in mid July. Symptons of nutrient deficiencies, other than Nitrogen (N), have proven difficult to demonstrate on the fertile high organic matter loam texturd soiles of the Carman Researh Station. The following techniques have been developed to demonstrate many of the macro and micronutient deficiencies which may occur in prairie crops.... |
13. Overview of Manure Handling on Steroid Movement in Agricultural Fields from Beef Cattle SystemsManure generated from concentrated animal feeding operations may serve as a source of steroids in surface water and potentially in groundwater. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of steroids and metabolites in runoff from beef cattle production pens, and from runoff and leaching from crop production fields. Cattle were fed a synthetic progestagen, MGA or melengestrol acetate and treated with zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and estradiol implants, while a second group was not... |
14. Soybean Response to Potassium Fertility and Fertilizer in ManitobaSoybean acres have increased greatly in Manitoba in recent years, now occupying more than 25% of the province’s annual crop land. Potassium removal by soybean is greater than any other crop grown in Manitoba (1.1 – 1.4 lb K2O/bu). This large removal, accompanied by the large and rapid expansion in soybean acres, has contributed to an increase in province-wide potassium removal rates and likely explains the increase in incidence of potassium deficiency symptoms reported in recent years.... M. Bourns, D. Flaten, J. Heard, G. Bartley |
15. Tile Drainage, Cover Crops and Nitrogen InteractionsPrevious research has shown subsurface tile drainage systems deliver nitrate-N to surface waters thereby degrading water quality. Cover crops and applying appropriate N rates for corn are potential management strategies for reducing NO3-N in tile drainage. The objective of this study was to measure the effects and interactions of cover crops (winter hardy and winter terminating) at various N rates on NO3-N concentration and load in tile drainage water and corn and soybean... |
16. Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature, and adoption costGrowing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or “Skipping the corn row” (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while reducing... |
17. Soil Fertility Research in ManitobaA listing of current soil fertility research being conducted by the University or Manitoba, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and provincial extension (Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development). Crops under study include corn, soybeans,, field peas, dry beans, spring wheat and canola. ... J. Heard |
18. Agronomic Management of Nitrogen to Reduce N2O Emissions in ManitobaNitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil accounts for about 20% of Manitoba’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Numerous and recent field research has evaluated these emissions as influenced by nitrogen (N) management practices – such as use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs), fertilizer placement and timing, use of legume and cover crops and organic farming. Several practices result in considerable decreases in N2O emissions, across a wide... J. Heard, M. Tenuta |