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1. Independence of Yield and N-Rate, and Use of EONR in N Fertilizer Recommendations in North DakotaEvidence for the independence of N-rate and yield comes from the improved relationship of N-rate with relative yield compared to raw yield in corn, spring wheat and sunflower N-rate experiments in North Dakota. Relationships were also improved in corn by grouping experiments by regional location and whether the soils are high clay (>40% clay) or not, and discriminating between long-term no-till (6 years or more continuous no-till) or conventional till. In spring wheat, regional differences... D. Franzen, H. Bu, L. Sharma, E.C. Schultz, A. Wick, B. Goettl, M. Berti |
2. Fertilizer Manufacture - Converting Nature's Nutrient Storehouse to Plant NutritionNorth American farmers rely on reliable supply of key fertilizer inputs to maintain productivity and profitability. Nitrogen fertilizers are produced from atmospheric nitrogen gas, while phosphate and potash fertilizers are mined from major North American deposits as well as others around the world. All the major fertilizers are supplied, in large part, by North American producers from domestic production supplemented by some imports from international producers. Nitrogen prod... A. Blaylock |
3. The MRTN Approach: Past, Present, and FutureThe method of using crop N response data assimilation, now called the “MRTN approach”, was conceived at a September, 2004 meeting in Bettendorf, Iowa of scientists from several Corn Belt states. This meeting was prompted by findings in field trials that showed substantially lower optimum N rates than those based on using corn yield goal to predict crop N needs; most also showed no correlation between EONR and yield at EONR across trials. The MRTN method is straightforward: yield d... E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer |
4. Implementation and Validation of the MRTN Recommendation System in WisconsinThe maximum return to N (MRTN) recommendation system for corn was implemented in Wisconsin in 2006. In many ways, MRTN is a dynamic extension of N response-based N recommendation that was implemented in 1991. Vanotti and Bundy (1994) demonstrated the utility of using N rate response trials as the basis for N recommendations. And that grouping soils by N response and soil characteristics was useful could improve N recommendations. In Wisconsin recommendations, relative yield potential was qual... C. Laboski |
5. Farming the Data: New Paradigm in Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture has been around for over two decades. The first decade had a strong focus on quantifying spatial variability in soils, the second decade spent significant time on science and technology of precision management of nutrients. Now, with increasing adoption of Precision management techniques and practices there is interest in harnessing the power of data to grapple the new paradigm of making management decision based on evidence. The success of future farming practices, outp... R. Khosla |
6. A New Frontier Below the Horizon: My Work with Pivot Bio BiologicalsSymbiotic Nitrogen (N) fixation is an amazing process that harnesses the power of two organisms (a legume and rhizobium) to mutually benefit one another. However, the process of biological N fixation or the reduction from dinitrogen gas to ammonia/ammonium via the nitrogenase enzyme is an expensive one. The relationship between host plant and rhizobium hinges on the free exchange of N for carbon and other metabolites. Nitrogen fertilizer is often the most limiting nutrient for cereal crop pro... T. Roberts |
7. Chloride from Fertilizer and Water Pollution -Should I Be Concerned?Chloride is a more recently recognized pollutant of concern in many states. In Minnesota, 50 lakes and stream reaches are impaired for chloride, 30% of shallow monitoring wells exceed the secondary health standard, and chloride is on the rise in many other waters. Chloride is toxic to aquatic life, can contaminate groundwater, and has additional environmental impacts. How much does fertilizer contribute? This presentation will cover chloride sources... C. Dindorf |