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1. Corn Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Practices in Eastern South DakotaThe adoption factors of N best management practices (BMPs) that can lessen N loss needs to be understood to help increase adoption rates. Understanding the local, small-scale factors (geographic location, tillage type, and farm size) that influence the use of N BMPs will help nutrient management professionals provide the research and information needed to increase the use of N BMPs. South Dakota (SD) survey data from 465 producers was used to examine the above local, small-scale factors that ... J.D. Clark, A. Bly, P. Kovacs, J. Ulrich-schad |
2. Impact of Site-Specific Variability on the Effectiveness of Active Canopy Sensors for In-Season N Management in CornIn-season nitrogen (N) management in corn guided by active canopy sensors is often associated with higher yields, profit and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, these benefits could vary from field-to-field and year-to-year. These inconsistent relationships between technology and benefits represent a major challenge for increasing adoption of sensor-based N application in corn. Thus, a better understanding of which site-specific factors determine positive benefits from sensor-based N appl... L. Puntel, J. Luck, L. Thompson |
3. Should Potassium Chloride be Applied to Soybean?Potassium chloride represents 98% of potassium sales in Minnesota. Potassium chloride contains 50% of chloride by mass. Research in the southern U.S. shows excess chloride is known to result in decreased soybean (Gylcine max var Merr.) yield. The objective of this study was to determine whether chloride impacts soybean yield in northern growing regions and evaluate the effect of rate (100 or 200 lb K ac-1) , fertilizer (K or Cl) source (none, KCl, K2SO4... D. Kaiser |
4. Evaluation of Soil Test Methods and Early Tissue Analysis to Assess Potassium Response in SoybeanMultiple soil test methods has been evaluated as diagnostic tool for potassium management in soybeans. This study compared different soil test K methods (STK) and evaluate the correlation to soybean yield and K uptake response in low testing soils, and assessed tissue analysis as alternative for in-season correction options. ... D. Charbonnier , D. Ruiz diaz |
5. Updating Soil-test Phosphorus and Potassium Calibrations for WisconsinEffective soil-test interpretations and fertilizer recommendations require phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil test to be field correlated with crop yield response to fertilization and calibrated to identify response probabilities. Only the Bray-1 soil test is calibrated to provide P and K interpretation guidelines in Wisconsin, with supporting trials being over 30 years old. This study correlated the P extracted by the Bray-1 (BP), Mehlich-3, Olsen-P (OP), and H3A tests and K extracted by ... C.A. Laboski, F.J. Arriaga, J.D. Jones |
6. Practical Farmers of Iowa On-farm Research ProgramPractical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) has been leading and conducting on-farm research since 1987. The organization has staff scientists to help design experiments based on questions from participating farmers. Farmers are cooperators in research and they often collaborate with other farmers on the same project. Ideas for projects are considered at the annual Cooperators’ Meeting in December each year. Cooperators describe what was done on their farm, why they did it, and what they found. The... S. Gailans |
7. The Ammonia RainbowAgriculture has been identified as a major contributor to atmospheric carbon dioxide with nitrogen fertilizer production as a key component. Recent scrutiny of nitrogen production processes has identified ammonia production processes to reduce carbon output from traditional Haber-Bosch processes. These different ammonia production processes are often described with color descriptions to designate the processes used and qualitatively identify their carbon footprint, such as “green ... A. Blaylock |
8. Does Interseeded Cover Crops Composition Affect Corn N Fertilizer Needs and Corn and Soybean Yields?Cover crops are often recommended as a valuable practice to develop more sustainable cropping systems. However, interseeding cover crops may change the amount and timing of nitrogen (N) provided to the crop from decomposition (mineralization), which may increase or decrease the N fertilizer required to optimize corn grain yield. This study aims at understanding the effect of cover crop composition (single and multispecies) on soil biological measurements, corn N requirements, and corn and soy... S. Kodali, J.D. Clark |
9. Benchmarking Nitrogen Recommendation Tools for Nebraska Winter WheatAttaining high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) remains a current research challenge in crop production. Digital ag technologies for site-specific N management have been demonstrated to improve NUE. This is due to the ability of digital technologies to account for the spatial and temporal distribution of crop N demand and available soil N in the field, which varies greatly according to soil properties, climate, and management. In addition, winter wheat protein content is highl... J. Cesario pinto, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, T. Mieno, L. Puntel, G. Balboa |
10. Effects of Silicon Supplementation on Growth and Silicon Accumulation in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)This study assessed the effect of silicon (Si) supplementation on biomass production and Si accumulation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Plants were grown in buffered Hoagland’s media (pH 6) with four Na2SiO4 treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mM). The two species responded differently to Si supplementation in terms of biomass. For bentgrass, biomass was enhanced by Si supplementation, but only significantly (... S. Qian, J. Unrine, H. Poffenbarger |
11. Manure Total Nitrogen Variability Due to Analytical Method and Total Solids ContentKnowing the nutrient analysis of a fertilizer source is essential to ensure adequate nutrients for crop growth, while not causing potential environmental impacts by overapplying nutrients. Using manure as a nutrient source can complicate matters as the nutrient content can be variable and the manure can come in a range of liquid to solid consistencies. There are multiple laboratory methods to determine different nutrient parameters and for manure total nitrogen levels the most common me... N.L. Bohl bormann, M.L. Wilson, E.L. Cortus, J. Floren, R.O. Miller, L. Gunderson |
12. Comparison of Wheat and Barley to Rye As a Cover Crop for MaizeCover crops are used by farmers in Kentucky to prevent soil erosion and uptake residual nitrogen in between growing seasons of cash crops. Cereal rye has become a popular cover crop due to its sizeable biomass production and superior nitrate uptake ability. Wheat and barley have similar fibrous root systems and may have value as a cover crop. A field study was conducted at the University of Kentucky North Farm in Lexington, KY, in 2021 and 2022. The objectives of this study were to determine ... R. Nalley, C. Lee |
13. Soybean Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Production As Affected by Starter Fertilizer, Nitrogen Application, and Planting DateMichigan spring weather variabilities and earlier planting dates may provide opportunities for starter fertilizer to influence early season soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) dry matter production while simultaneously decreasing the time interval for nutrient accumulation. However, potential fertilizer impacts on inhibition of biological N fixation (BNF) are not well understood. Field studies established near Lansing, MI examined soybean total dry matter accumulation (TDM), nodulation, ... K. Steinke, S. Soat |
14. Cover Crop Species and Planting Methods Influence on Corn N Requirement in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized c... A. Sadeghpour, C. Kula, G. Sener, C. Vick |
15. Drainage and Nitrogen Management Affects Soil Health and Soil PropertiesMidwestern United States farmers rely on key fertilizer inputs and management of soil drainage to maintain productivity and profitability. Subsurface tile drainage is used extensively throughout the Midwest U.S. to lower the water table and drain waterlogged soils. To improve nutrient use efficiency and sustainable crop production, best management practices such as 4R nutrient stewardship framework is being promoted in conjunction with drainage water management technology. The 4R nutrient ste... H. Kaur, K.A. Nelson, G. Singh, G. Kaur |
16. Integrated and Impactful Research and Extension Through Digital On-farm ResearchAdvancements in digital agriculture tools have increased the scale and complexity of agricultural challenges which can be addressed through on-farm research. On-farm research has the potential to center farmers in the discovery and innovation process and integrate the research, extension and teaching missions of the university. Synergistic partnerships with industry advance technology adoption. Thompson will discuss the opportunities to leverage the changing landscape of on-farm experimentati... L. Thompson |
17. Lower Soil Test P Values Do Not Affect Crop Yield Values when Under Conservation PracticesSustainable P management in cropping systems is a challenge in modern agriculture. Phosphorus moving from agricultural fields to aquatic ecosystems resulting in eutrophication and other water quality problems continues to be a challenging issue for the agricultural community to solve. Despite the large amount of P in agricultural soils, most P is held within insoluble complexes, making this pool of P unavailable to plants. The implementation of conservation practices of no-till and high resid... C. Winter, D. Clark, S. Ireland, D. Beck |
18. Versatility of Mycorrhizal Fungi Applications to Increase Maize ProductivityWith rising fertilizer prices and continual water contamination issues, it is vital to establish management factors that maximize productivity, while minimizing nutrient losses to the environment. One potential practice for improving nutrient use and grain yields includes utilizing mycorrhizal fungi. The objectives of this research were to determine the efficacy of various mycorrhiza applications on root colonization and the subsequent grain yield responses of maize (Zea mays... L. Woodward, F. Below |
19. Individual Leaf Selection to Best Represent Whole-plant Nutrient Status in Modern Corn Cropping SystemsIn modern corn cropping systems, fertilization is often required to maintain plant health. Tissue sampling is commonly utilized to evaluate plant nutrient status and determine fertilizer treatment needs. Recommendations exist on which partition/leaf to select for accurate representation of the whole-plant. Recommendations change with growth stage, suggesting to sample the whole-plant at early-vegetative stages, the top-collared leaf at late-vegetative stages, and the ear-leaf during repr... B. Hanson |
20. Managing Trade-offs of Winter Rye As a Cover CropWinter rye (Secal cereale L.) is a commonly used cover crop in Wisconsin due to its effectiveness in reducing soil erosion, scavenging nitrogen, and improving soil health. However, the potential trade-offs of using grass cover crops are decreases in corn yield driven by nitrogen uptake and immobilization. The study aims to determine the single year effect of rye seeding rate on rye biomass and optimum nitrogen rate of the subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) crop, while a... M. Schauer, M. Ruark |
21. Biochemical Soil Health Indicators Related to Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate in CornIn corn production, nitrogen (N) fertilization is one of the main inputs to enhance yield. However, in the last few years, reducing N utilization has been a goal due to environmental concerns and production costs. Soil health tests have been studied to understand the relationship with N availability and its use to adjust N recommendation rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of different soil tests with the economic optimum N rate (N) for corn in Wisconsin. Soil ... D. Orjuela diaz, C.A. Laboski, F. Arriaga |
22. Improving Digital Soil Maps for Site-specific Soil Fertility Management Using Feature SelectionDigital soil mapping (DSM) has become an attractive option to manage site-specific soil fertility management thanks to its capabilities of creating highly accurate, fine-resolution (e.g., 3 m) soil maps with uncertainty measures associated with soil property predictions. One approach to making soil maps with geospatial technologies is to build statistical models using machine learning (ML) based on the relationships between environmental covariates (e.g., digital terrain attributes, satellite... C. Ferhatoglu, B.A. Miller |
23. Assessing the Impact of the 4R Nutrient Management on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in CornDetermining the best management practices for nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to corn is crucial to achieving the objectives of the 4 r's of nutrient stewardship. Although producers have a wide range of options regarding N fertilization, identifying the right rate, source, placement, and timing can significantly impact productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. Our objectives were to evaluate the agronomic efficiency (AE), and the corn grain yields as afected by different rates, source... D. Ruiz diaz, P. Morinigo |
24. Evaluation of Soybean Response to Surface and Sub-surface Phosphorus Fertilizer PlacementPhosphorus (P) fertilizer placement can affect P plant uptake during the growing season and yield at harvest; in addition, sub-surface placement of P fertilizer can provide environmental benefits by minimizing losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate soybean response to surface and sub-surface P fertilizer application. This study was conducted in 2022 at two locations (Scandia and Manhattan, Kansas). The average soil P level (Mehlich 3) was 16.8 ppm in Manhattan and 2.8 ppm in Scan... D. Ruiz diaz, J. De oliveira demarco |
25. Design, Wrangling and Analysis of an On-farm Strip Trial. Iowa Soybean Association MethodologiesIowa Soybean Association (ISA) has conducted over 4,000 replicated on-farm trials over the past 15 years. During this time, we have developed our own methodologies and approaches to the data. In this talk we review step by step ISA approaches to a replicated strip trial involving 5 nitrogen rates including trial design, data wrangling, data analysis and machine learning approaches. The talk concludes with discussion on some difficulties in on-farm research with an appeal to the science commun... S. Nelson |
26. A Minnesota-Wide Assessment of Critical Pre-Plant and in-Season Soil Nitrate for Adjusting Nitrogen Rate GuidelinesThe pre-plant (PPNT) and pre-sidedress (PSNT) soil nitrate tests are often used as indicators of soil nitrogen (N) availability in Minnesota. The assessment of available soil nitrogen (N) provides corn (Zea mays L.) growers with key information on N credits to adjust their N fertilizer rates. However, current N management recommendations in Minnesota were based on research conducted 40-yr ago and did not specify differences between environments and management. Through a comprehensive... E. Souza, F.G. Fernandez, J. Coulter, M. Wilson, J.A. Vetsch, P.H. Pagliari, R.T. Venterea, D.E. Kaiser, K.P. Fabrizzi, D. Bernau, C.J. Rosen, K. Mizuta, Y. Miao, V. Sharma |
27. Consideration of Clay Mineralogy for Enhanced Prediction of Optimal Corn Potassium Fertilizer RatesProperly calibrated potassium (K) fertilizer recommendations (KFRs) are critical for improving crop yields and maintaining environmental stewardship. Recent innovations in soil and crop management suggest that certain soil factors, including clay mineralogy, can be used to predict optimal K requirements in corn. The objectives of this study include 1) correlate soil K levels to corn yield, 2) calibrate KFRs with clay mineralogy data, and 3) determine the relationships among clay mineralogy, K... A. Ahlersmeyer, J. Clark, K. Osterloh, D. Clay |