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1. Lessons learned from long-term P & K trialThis presentation will disucss corn and soybean response to P and K over 10 years in a notill system. ... C.A. Laboski, T.W. Andraski |
2. South Dakota Producers Use of Soil Testing to Make Soil Fertility DecisionsSoil fertility guidelines in South Dakota are primarily based on soil testing results. There are several possible soil sampling procedures regarding timing, frequency, and type of soil sampling that can be followed by producers. Survey information collected from South Dakota producers can inform us what soil sampling procedures they are commonly using. We distributed a survey to 3,000 South Dakota producers based on crop reporting district, crops grown, and farm size. We reminded producers th... |
3. Relationship of in-season soil nitrogen concentration with corn yield and potential nitrogen lossesModeled or measured soil mineral N (SMN) levels during the corn growing season have been used to set sidedress N rates, but there has been little research linking SMN levels at different growth stages to yield to help guide this process. The degree to which SMN level influences the risk of N losses is also not known. Data from 32 site-years of field experiments in Illinois (2015–2018) that included 12 combinations of N fertilizer rate, timing, and source, were used to evaluate... G. Preza-fontes, E. Nafziger, L. Christianson, C. Pittelkow |
4. Improving Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter Wheat Production in NebraskaWheat producers in Nebraska endured a significant loss in profit due to reduced grain protein in years that had wet springs such as in 2016 and 2017. Among many potential factors, soil nitrogen (N) is the most central factor that affects protein levels in wheat. To investigate the effect of N on wheat grain yield and protein content, field trials across the State were initiated in 2018. The specific objectives of the field study were to evaluate the effects of different N rates and applicatio... |
5. Role of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean RotationsRole of Postemergence Sidedressed Fluid Potassium Fertilizer to Complement Preplant Fertilization in Corn-Soybean Rotations Antonio P. Mallarino and Louis B. Thompson-Ansorena Iowa State University ABSTRACT Farmers and crop consultants of non-irrigated areas of the north-central region have been asking questions about possible use of post-emergence fluid potassium (K) fertilization to complement preplant fertilization. Sidedressing N for corn is c... A.P. Mallarino, L.B. Thompson-ansorena |
6. Tile Drainage, Cover Crops and Nitrogen InteractionsPrevious research has shown subsurface tile drainage systems deliver nitrate-N to surface waters thereby degrading water quality. Cover crops and applying appropriate N rates for corn are potential management strategies for reducing NO3-N in tile drainage. The objective of this study was to measure the effects and interactions of cover crops (winter hardy and winter terminating) at various N rates on NO3-N concentration and load in tile drainage water and corn and soybea... |
7. Exploratory analysis of event-based edge-of-field phosphorus lossesUnderstanding how the timing of management activities, particularly manure and fertilizer applications, impacts P losses in runoff can improve farmers’ decisions on when to apply nutrients. The University of Wisconsin Discovery Farms and Discovery Farms Minnesota have been monitoring edge-of-field nutrient losses since 2004. This data set includes over 125 site-years of runoff across 26 fields and includes 1574 individual runoff events. The objectives of this study are to: (i) determine... |
8. Should we incur a loss by interseeding in sugarbeet ?The Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota contributes with half of the nation’s sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. Interseeding cover crops within sugarbeet has the potential to reduce the impact of soil disturbances. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of cover crop interseeding time and species on sugarbeet root yield, sugar content, and economic profitability during 2018 -20 growing seasons. Cover crops were first interseeded in June and second... S. Sigdel, A. Chatterjee, M. Berti |
9. Use of Biostimulants for Increased Nutrient Uptake in Maize ProductionBiostimulants are becoming popular in the agricultural market as products to increase growth, health, and/or yield of crop plants. These products differentiate themselves from traditional plant growth regulators as they impact crop growth and development indirectly through mitigation of crop stress and/or greater nutrient availability and uptake. The challenge in working with these products is that there are many types of biostimulants, each with unique mechanisms of action. The objective of ... C.N. Sible, F.E. Below |
10. What’s Working (or Not) in Winter WheatMichigan winter wheat growers produce some of the greatest soft red and white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields in the U.S. with statewide averages > 71 bu A-1 since 2015. Interest in enhanced management strategies continues to increase but maintaining or improving profitability has become increasingly important as broad implementation of enhanced management has not produced consistent yield gains. Increased demand for wheat straw has cast greater foc... K. Steinke |
11. Sensor-Based Fertigation Management for Production-Scale ApplicationsFertigation, the practice of applying fertilizer through irrigation water, offers many benefits as an in-season nitrogen application technique for irrigated corn production systems. Most notably, fertigation offers growers the opportunity to make multiple applications throughout the growing season, including late season applications during corn reproductive growth stages. Growers have traditionally determined the timing and number of fertigation applications using visual observations, irrigat... J. Stansell |
12. Site-Specific Yield and Protein Response to Nitrogen Rate and Timing in Winter WheatNitrogen (N) fertilizer management is crucial in cereal crop production. Improved prediction of optimal N fertilizer rates for winter wheat can decrease N losses and enhance profits. We tested seven N fertilizer rates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg N ha-1) applied at three timings (Fall, Spring, and Split Fall/Spring) in seven small plot trials located in commercial fields... J. Cesario pereira pinto, L. Puntel, L. Thompson, N. Mueller |
13. Banded Fertility: Music for Higher Corn YieldsThere is a need in production agriculture to reduce nutrient loss to the environment and implement more sustainable production practices, but grower adoption has been slow and inconsistent due to fear of reduced yields and profit. However, if new fertilizer technologies can be used to increase nutrient use efficiency and grain yield simultaneously, grower willingness to adapt environmentally sustainable practices is far more likely. We implemented a two-year corn (Zea mays L.) yield ... S. Foxhoven, F. Below |
14. Maize Yield Increased by Optimal Timing and Placement of Polymer-coated Nitrogen FertilizerNitrogen (N) fertilizer application timing and placement can manage N availability to improve maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, but polymer-coated N fertilizer offers a different approach to season-long N availability and creates new N management opportunities. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional and polymer-coated N sources across fertilizer timing and placement combinations to optimize maize productivity. Field trials were conducted at three... S. Schwartz, F. Below |
15. Implications of Clay Mineral Analysis for Improved Calibration of Corn Potassium Fertilizer RecommendationsEastern South Dakota has seen an increase in soil potassium (K) deficiencies. To correct those deficiencies and avoid yield reductions, corn producers rely on accurate K fertilizer recommendations (KFRs). Among the various parameters used to estimate a KFR, clay mineralogy has significant potential to increase KFR accuracy. The study has two objectives: first, to determine the relationships among clay mineralogy, K uptake by corn, and KFRs, and second, to calibrate KFRs in South Dakota to inc... A. Ahlersmeyer, J. Clark, D. Clay, K. Osterloh |
16. Effect of Liquid Calcium as a Liming Agent in SoilMaintaining proper soil pH is the foundation of a soil fertility program and influences plant productivity, nutrient availability, and herbicide activity. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of liquid calcium compared to known liming agents to raise the pH of soil. Test plots that compare liquid calcium to proven liming agents were conducted in 17 counties across the state of Kentucky on cool season annual grass pastures. Two experimental protocols were deve... B. Setchell, E. Ritchey |
17. Soil Mineral Nitrogen Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Corn Early Growth SeasonSoil Mineral Nitrogen (SMN) plays a crucial role for the growth and productivity of crops such as corn, this crop is very demanding of nitrogen (N) in early growth stages. Maintaining the highest amount of N in the form of ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) can be key to obtaining high yields. Substances such as nitrification inhibitors (NI) were created to avoid losses of N from the soil. This study was carried out in 8 site year loca... P. Morinigo, D. Ruiz diaz |
18. Comparison of Mehlich-3 and Haney H3A-4 Soil Tests in Kansas SoilsRecommended application rates of soil fertility amendments are often based on a soil test in agricultural production systems. Interpretation of these soil tests requires correlation and calibration to crop yield response, nutrient uptake, or existing soil tests. The Mehlich-3 soil test procedure is currently used to evaluate the plant availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in Kansas soils. However, the Haney soil test has gained attention in recentyear and has been used to adjust so... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz diaz |
19. Some Thoughts on Nutrient Mineralization and Cycling in No-Till SystemsHigh post-harvest residue accumulations (10+ tons/acre) often occur in crop sequences involving high yielding corn, spring wheat and soybean. Over the last decade, we have conducted several studies that show that N or P availability may be suppressed either through slow residue decomposition, slow mineralization or immobilization. Although several states provide fertilizer recommendation adjustments for no-till and for high residue accumulations, the recommendations are sometimes contra... L. Cihacek, R. Alghamdi |
20. Summary of Regional Studies in Corn on Selected Commercial Asymbiotic N-fixing Organisms and Suggestions for Companies Developing Similar ProductsThis presentation will provide a brief summary of N rate studies from the North Central region which include treatments with selected commercial asymbiotic N-fixation organism products. Farmers are encouraged to remain curious of new products, but also skeptical; testing the products of interest through replicated strip trials their farms to determine whether the products have value to their operation. In conversations over the past several months with companies interested in developing asymb... D. Franzen |
21. Fertilizer Industry Update – Markets, Trends, and New DirectionsThe fertilizer industry was characterized, perhaps above all else, as volatile. We saw near record prices as supply chains were affected by war in Ukraine, international sanctions, and high production costs. Across the industry, fertilizer manufacturers and suppliers seek to cut operating costs to cope with rapidly falling prices. We will review key market drivers and other industry trends. ... A. Blaylock |
22. Ag Economy and Policy Outlook for 2024We will explore the factors currently shaping the ag economy and the various sectors that drive economic growth in the sector. We will investigate the connections among feed, fuel, and export markets and examine potential changes to federal agricultural policy (i.e., the Farm Bill). We will discuss the potential for agricultural profitability over the next few years and outline the challenges to reaching robust economic gains. ... C. Hart |
23. In-season Application of Swine Manure to CornIn agricultural areas with cool climates, application of livestock manure for crop production can be challenging. For example, spring in the upper Midwest can be short and is increasingly wet due to climate change, making it difficult to apply manure and plant crops in a timely manner. This results in a significant amount of manure applied in the fall after the cash crop is harvested. The nitrogen in fall-applied manure has ample time to mineralize and leave the root zone before next season&r... M. Wilson |
24. Integration of Satellite and UAV Imagery for Assessing Corn Nitrogen Uptake at Early Vegetative Growth StagesNitrogen (N) fertilizer accounts for 20-25% of the variable cost of production for rotation maize in Indiana. Spatial variability within fields and variable, unpredictable rainfall patterns make N a challenging nutrient to manage, withup to 65% of the nitrogen applied being lost as nitrate. Post-emergence sidedress applications of N fertilizer can reduce N loss and improve plant uptake, so efficient and practical ways to identify maize N status at early maize growth stages is key to assessing... A. Morales ona, R. Nielsen , J. Camberato, D. Quinn |
25. Exploring the Impact of Temporal Variability in Emergence on Corn Grain Yield and Development PatternsConcerns have raised among farmers in the Midwest regarding the impacts of uneven emergence of corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Research has showed that even a minor delay in emergence of a few hours could have a substantial influence on plant performance and ear weight; and one of the contributing factors to uneven seedling emergence in corn is the application of starter fertilizer. Placing fertilizers in the seed furrow increases the salt concentration surrounding the seed and as a result, del... L. Dorissant, P. Kovács, J. Clark |
26. Impact of Cover Crop Composition on Nitrogen Application Rates and the Subsequent Yields of Corn and SoybeanInterseeding cover crops presents a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of agricultural systems. Nevertheless, the practice of interseeding cover crops introduces a dynamic element to nitrogen (N) cycling, potentially altering both the quantity and timing of N release through decomposition (mineralization). This variability in N availability may, in turn, influence the optimal nitrogen fertilizer requirements to maximize corn grain yield. However, long-term studies are essenti... J.D. Clark , P. Kovacs, P. Sexton, S. Osborne, S. Kodali |
27. Comparison of Wheat and Barley to Rye as a Cover Crop for CornWinter cereal cover crops have become an essential management practice for sustainable corn production. Rye is the most popular winter cereal for cover crop, but wheat and barley may provide a comparable value due to their similar fibrous root systems. Winter cereals provide organic matter, scavenge residual nutrients, and protect the soil from erosion. Winter cereals can immobilize nutrients for the corn crop and can reduce corn stands in some situations, reducing corn yield. The primary obj... R. Nalley, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
28. Does Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat Affects Its Yield and Nitrate-N Leaching in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping System?Conventional corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation contributes to nitrate-N and phosphate leaching to waterbodies causing water quality concerns. Two strategies that could minimize N and P losses include (i) incorporating winter rye (Secale cereale L.) (WR) as a cover crop to capture residual nutrients or (ii) intensifying the corn-soybean rotation with winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) (Double cropping). Double cropping WW at a right ... A. Sadeghpour, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K.L. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller |
29. Does Nitrogen Fertilization with Manure Injection Versus Surface Application Influence Corn for Silage and Winter Rye Yield, Quality, Phosphorus Balance and Soil Test Phosphorus Over Three Years?Switching from nitrogen (N)-based to phosphorus (P)-based manure management has been shown to decrease P loss to the environment allowing for sustainable P management in dairy farms. At high P soils, dairy farmers often surface apply the liquid manure to corn (Zea mays L.) for silage at the P-based rates and supplement the limited N to corn with N fertilizers to ensure optimum crop production. With high fertilizer prices, one solution to reducing the N requirement of corn could be to... A. Sadeghpour, G. Burkett, S. Babaei, O. Adeyemi, K. Vaughn, C. Kula |
30. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Irrigation Effects on Soil and Plant Nitrogen DynamicsCropping systems can be exposed to different nitrogen (N) and water availabilities for a variety of reasons. Both N and water have been shown to have both positive and negative; direct and indirect effects on soil and plant N dynamics. Given that agronomic crops require large amounts of N to achieve high yields and often acquire a majority of their N from soil nitrogen mineralization (N min), it is important to understand how nitrogen and water interactions alter soil and plant N dynamics. Ou... T. Donovan, J. Schneekloth, L. Comas, M. Schipanski |
31. Response of Corn to Planting Methods of Cover Crop Species and Nitrogen Rate in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized c... A. Sadeghpour, G. Sener guzel, C. Kula, C. Vick |
32. Developing a Sustainable Sufficiency ParadigmSustainable conservation practices must align agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals to facilitate widespread and consistent adoption on-farm. Agricultural phosphorus (P) management is a critical control point for detrimental environmental consequences of P loss in surface runoff from agricultural fields. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective and necessary control measure to limit P loss; however, current P fertilizer recommendation systems do not suppo... M.A. Bourns, N.O. Nelson, D. Ruiz diaz, G. Roa |
33. Examination of Topography and Soil Health Properties and Their Relationship to Corn Yield Stability in Central Iowa Agricultural FieldsCroplands in the North Central region are managed for high crop yields that are stable across years and fields. Nevertheless, yields fluctuate from year to year. Moreover, the magnitude of these fluctuations can vary across the field such that yield in some portions of the field is relatively stable and relatively variable in other portions of the field. Previous research has found that yield stability can be partially explained by topographic variables, but potential relationships between yi... L. Makens, M. Castellano |
34. Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Nitrification Inhibitor Impact Agronomic and Economic Returns in Corn Production in KansasNitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for corn crop, higher grain yields are related to N fertilizer application. Substances like the nitrification inhibitors (NI) were created to increase yields, promote Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE), and reduce N losses. The study was carried out in ten site-years in Kansas during 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 crop seasons, with the objective of evaluate the Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (NAE) in corn with and without the use of NI and to compare corn gra... P. Morinigo ferreira, D. Ruiz diaz |
35. Investigating Soybean Response to Phosphorus with a Cover Crop and Fertilizer Combination in KansasThe soybean crop provides one of the best opportunities to include a cool season cover crop (CC) ahead of planting. This study aims to maximize phosphorus (P) use efficiency by the soybean crop by using CC planting as a window of opportunity for better P fertilizer placement and timing. Specifically, combining P fertilizer with cereal CC seeds will place the fertilizer below the soil surface and combine two operations (CC planting and fertilizer application) in one pass. Other benefits includ... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz diaz |
36. Potentials and Constraints for Successful BioinoculantsBiologicals for agricultural production are receiving much interest, investment, and research. Biologicals offer replacements for chemicals. However, understanding the abiotic and abiotic interactions that affect survival and activity is needed to assess performance. Abiotic factors include soil properties, soil moisture, and temperature. Biotic factors include compatibility with native microorganisms and root characteristics. Given these factors, performance will be more variable than chemic... C.W. Rice |
37. Overview of Biostimulant Classification and Industry PerspectiveThere are many but what is the definition of biostimulant? How are these products categorized? We will start off with definitions of commonly used terms around biostimulant products used in agriculture. The current categories in which biostimulant products fit, or do not fit into, are continually evolving as industry and regulatory work towards fine-toning definitions. As more products become commercially available, producers need to be aware of their advantages, as well as challenges, to max... C. Preston |