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1. Cover crops nutrients uptake did not cause yield loss in cornBare soils are susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss. Cover crops and residues provide physical protection against erosion and nutrient loss, and improve nutrient cycling as well as biodiversity. We hypothesized that cover crops store available nutrients from the soil in the fall and release them the next spring for the next cash crop, minimizing potential nutrients loss with no adverse effect on cash crop yield. A four site-year study throughout South Dakota was conducted to com... |
2. Applying N to legume-containing summer annual forage mixturesSummer annual forages are costly to implement but can provide quality grazing when cool-season perennial forages are less productive. Increasing botanical diversity may increase system productivity, thereby improving economic efficiency. However, there is debate as to whether annual legumes supply associated grasses with fixed N, leading to uncertainty regarding N application rates to legume containing summer annual forage mixtures. This experiment supplied three summer annual forage treatmen... K. Mercier, C. Teutsch, S. Smith, E. Ritchey, K. Burdine, E. Vanzant |
3. Can Cover Crops Help to Improve Soil Health While Having a Positive Effect on Corn Grain Yield?Cover crops have recently gained attention in the U.S. Mid-west because of their potential to increase soil organic matter and improve overall soil health. There is some concern however, that cover crops may negatively impact corn grain yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects that different cover crop mixtures have on soil health measurements and corn grain yield at increasing nitrogen rates. Cover crops were planted in the fall as a dominantly grass mixture, domina... |
4. Can Kura Clover and Winter Rye Covers Mitigate Nitrate Leaching In Irrigated Sands?Cover crops are gaining more popularity as a mitigation tool to prevent nitrate (NO3--N) leaching from the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] fields of Minnesota. Leaching of NO3--N is not only a monetary loss for growers, but also results in groundwater contamination. Winter rye (Secale cereale), a commonly grown cover crop in Minnesota and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum), a l... |
5. CORN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY RESPONSE TO WHEAT COVER CROP AND SPLIT NITROGEN APPLICATIONCorn (Zea mays L.) grain is a major commodity crop in Illinois and its production largely relies on timely application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Currently, growers in Illinois and other neighboring states in the U.S. Midwest use the maximum return to N (MRTN) decision support system to predict corn N requirements. However, the current tool does not factor in implications of integrating cover crops into the rotation, which has recently gained attention among growers due to sev... R. Keshavarz-afshar, E. Jahanzad, M. Battaglia, Y. Luo, A. Sadeghpour, O. Adeyemi |
6. Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature, and adoption costGrowing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or “Skipping the corn row” (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while ... |
7. Summary of Regional Studies in Corn on Selected Commercial Asymbiotic N-fixing Organisms and Suggestions for Companies Developing Similar ProductsThis presentation will provide a brief summary of N rate studies from the North Central region which include treatments with selected commercial asymbiotic N-fixation organism products. Farmers are encouraged to remain curious of new products, but also skeptical; testing the products of interest through replicated strip trials their farms to determine whether the products have value to their operation. In conversations over the past several months with companies interested in developing asymb... D. Franzen |
8. Fertilizer Industry Update – Markets, Trends, and New DirectionsThe fertilizer industry was characterized, perhaps above all else, as volatile. We saw near record prices as supply chains were affected by war in Ukraine, international sanctions, and high production costs. Across the industry, fertilizer manufacturers and suppliers seek to cut operating costs to cope with rapidly falling prices. We will review key market drivers and other industry trends. ... A. Blaylock |
9. Ag Economy and Policy Outlook for 2024We will explore the factors currently shaping the ag economy and the various sectors that drive economic growth in the sector. We will investigate the connections among feed, fuel, and export markets and examine potential changes to federal agricultural policy (i.e., the Farm Bill). We will discuss the potential for agricultural profitability over the next few years and outline the challenges to reaching robust economic gains. ... C. Hart |
10. In-season Application of Swine Manure to CornIn agricultural areas with cool climates, application of livestock manure for crop production can be challenging. For example, spring in the upper Midwest can be short and is increasingly wet due to climate change, making it difficult to apply manure and plant crops in a timely manner. This results in a significant amount of manure applied in the fall after the cash crop is harvested. The nitrogen in fall-applied manure has ample time to mineralize and leave the root zone before next season&r... M. Wilson |
11. Integration of Satellite and UAV Imagery for Assessing Corn Nitrogen Uptake at Early Vegetative Growth StagesNitrogen (N) fertilizer accounts for 20-25% of the variable cost of production for rotation maize in Indiana. Spatial variability within fields and variable, unpredictable rainfall patterns make N a challenging nutrient to manage, withup to 65% of the nitrogen applied being lost as nitrate. Post-emergence sidedress applications of N fertilizer can reduce N loss and improve plant uptake, so efficient and practical ways to identify maize N status at early maize growth stages is key to assessing... A. Morales ona, R. Nielsen , J. Camberato, D. Quinn |
12. Exploring the Impact of Temporal Variability in Emergence on Corn Grain Yield and Development PatternsConcerns have raised among farmers in the Midwest regarding the impacts of uneven emergence of corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Research has showed that even a minor delay in emergence of a few hours could have a substantial influence on plant performance and ear weight; and one of the contributing factors to uneven seedling emergence in corn is the application of starter fertilizer. Placing fertilizers in the seed furrow increases the salt concentration surrounding the seed and as a result, del... L. Dorissant, P. Kovács, J. Clark |
13. Impact of Cover Crop Composition on Nitrogen Application Rates and the Subsequent Yields of Corn and SoybeanInterseeding cover crops presents a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of agricultural systems. Nevertheless, the practice of interseeding cover crops introduces a dynamic element to nitrogen (N) cycling, potentially altering both the quantity and timing of N release through decomposition (mineralization). This variability in N availability may, in turn, influence the optimal nitrogen fertilizer requirements to maximize corn grain yield. However, long-term studies are essenti... J.D. Clark , P. Kovacs, P. Sexton, S. Osborne, S. Kodali |
14. Comparison of Wheat and Barley to Rye as a Cover Crop for CornWinter cereal cover crops have become an essential management practice for sustainable corn production. Rye is the most popular winter cereal for cover crop, but wheat and barley may provide a comparable value due to their similar fibrous root systems. Winter cereals provide organic matter, scavenge residual nutrients, and protect the soil from erosion. Winter cereals can immobilize nutrients for the corn crop and can reduce corn stands in some situations, reducing corn yield. The primary obj... R. Nalley, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
15. Does Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat Affects Its Yield and Nitrate-N Leaching in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping System?Conventional corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation contributes to nitrate-N and phosphate leaching to waterbodies causing water quality concerns. Two strategies that could minimize N and P losses include (i) incorporating winter rye (Secale cereale L.) (WR) as a cover crop to capture residual nutrients or (ii) intensifying the corn-soybean rotation with winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) (Double cropping). Double cropping WW at a right ... A. Sadeghpour, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K.L. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller |
16. Does Nitrogen Fertilization with Manure Injection Versus Surface Application Influence Corn for Silage and Winter Rye Yield, Quality, Phosphorus Balance and Soil Test Phosphorus Over Three Years?Switching from nitrogen (N)-based to phosphorus (P)-based manure management has been shown to decrease P loss to the environment allowing for sustainable P management in dairy farms. At high P soils, dairy farmers often surface apply the liquid manure to corn (Zea mays L.) for silage at the P-based rates and supplement the limited N to corn with N fertilizers to ensure optimum crop production. With high fertilizer prices, one solution to reducing the N requirement of corn could be to... A. Sadeghpour, G. Burkett, S. Babaei, O. Adeyemi, K. Vaughn, C. Kula |
17. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Irrigation Effects on Soil and Plant Nitrogen DynamicsCropping systems can be exposed to different nitrogen (N) and water availabilities for a variety of reasons. Both N and water have been shown to have both positive and negative; direct and indirect effects on soil and plant N dynamics. Given that agronomic crops require large amounts of N to achieve high yields and often acquire a majority of their N from soil nitrogen mineralization (N min), it is important to understand how nitrogen and water interactions alter soil and plant N dynamics. Ou... T. Donovan, J. Schneekloth, L. Comas, M. Schipanski |
18. Response of Corn to Planting Methods of Cover Crop Species and Nitrogen Rate in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized c... A. Sadeghpour, G. Sener guzel, C. Kula, C. Vick |
19. Developing a Sustainable Sufficiency ParadigmSustainable conservation practices must align agronomic productivity and environmental protection goals to facilitate widespread and consistent adoption on-farm. Agricultural phosphorus (P) management is a critical control point for detrimental environmental consequences of P loss in surface runoff from agricultural fields. Reduced P fertilizer inputs are recognized as an effective and necessary control measure to limit P loss; however, current P fertilizer recommendation systems do not suppo... M.A. Bourns, N.O. Nelson, D. Ruiz diaz, G. Roa |
20. Examination of Topography and Soil Health Properties and Their Relationship to Corn Yield Stability in Central Iowa Agricultural FieldsCroplands in the North Central region are managed for high crop yields that are stable across years and fields. Nevertheless, yields fluctuate from year to year. Moreover, the magnitude of these fluctuations can vary across the field such that yield in some portions of the field is relatively stable and relatively variable in other portions of the field. Previous research has found that yield stability can be partially explained by topographic variables, but potential relationships between yi... L. Makens, M. Castellano |
21. Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Nitrification Inhibitor Impact Agronomic and Economic Returns in Corn Production in KansasNitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for corn crop, higher grain yields are related to N fertilizer application. Substances like the nitrification inhibitors (NI) were created to increase yields, promote Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE), and reduce N losses. The study was carried out in ten site-years in Kansas during 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 crop seasons, with the objective of evaluate the Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (NAE) in corn with and without the use of NI and to compare corn gra... P. Morinigo ferreira, D. Ruiz diaz |
22. Investigating Soybean Response to Phosphorus with a Cover Crop and Fertilizer Combination in KansasThe soybean crop provides one of the best opportunities to include a cool season cover crop (CC) ahead of planting. This study aims to maximize phosphorus (P) use efficiency by the soybean crop by using CC planting as a window of opportunity for better P fertilizer placement and timing. Specifically, combining P fertilizer with cereal CC seeds will place the fertilizer below the soil surface and combine two operations (CC planting and fertilizer application) in one pass. Other benefits includ... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz diaz |
23. Potentials and Constraints for Successful BioinoculantsBiologicals for agricultural production are receiving much interest, investment, and research. Biologicals offer replacements for chemicals. However, understanding the abiotic and abiotic interactions that affect survival and activity is needed to assess performance. Abiotic factors include soil properties, soil moisture, and temperature. Biotic factors include compatibility with native microorganisms and root characteristics. Given these factors, performance will be more variable than chemic... C.W. Rice |
24. Overview of Biostimulant Classification and Industry PerspectiveThere are many but what is the definition of biostimulant? How are these products categorized? We will start off with definitions of commonly used terms around biostimulant products used in agriculture. The current categories in which biostimulant products fit, or do not fit into, are continually evolving as industry and regulatory work towards fine-toning definitions. As more products become commercially available, producers need to be aware of their advantages, as well as challenges, to max... C. Preston |