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1. Managing Phosphorus and Potassium Soil Test Levels and Effects on Corn Response to Nitrogen with Variable Crop PricesAnnual fertilizer investment for corn-soybean rotation systems represent a significant portion of annual input costs. Variable crop and fertilizer prices raise questions of which macronutrients can be prioritized or cut from fertilization programs. Corn yield response to N fertilization is affected by soil N supply, crop N demand, and interacting factors that affect crop N use, such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) supply. The later also influencing soybean yield in the rotation. To invest... J. Jones |
2. Tillage, Cereal Rye Cover Crop, and N Placement Effects on Corn and SoybeanAlthough conservation tillage and cover crops can improve soil health, producers are hesitant to adopt these practices due to concerns about potential yield reductions. We conducted field experiments for four years (2020-2023) near Urbana, Illinois, to explore how these practices affected corn and soybean yields. The experiment was conducted on a Flanagan silt loam soil, with corn and soybean following one another on two sides of the same field. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with four re... F. Rolle, G. Preza fontes, D. Schaefer, E. Nafziger |
3. Nitrogen Application Timings in No-Till Dryland Corn Production SystemRight timing of nitrogen application is one of the practices of the 4 R nutrient stewardship. Three independent trials using a randomized complete block with 4 replications were conducted to determine the optimal (1) split rate, (2) proportion and (3) timing for sidedress N application in non-irrigated corn. In trial 1 (13-site years), five N rates were examined: 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 lb N/A, which were applied at two split-applications. Split-applications included single- and split-appl... N. Adotey, R. Blair, R. Adotey, N. Montgomery |
4. The Three-Legged Stool: Nitrogen, Environment, and Crop ProductionNitrogen, crop production, and environment are interrelated. The presentation will discuss recent and ongoing studies in Minnesota aimed at understanding how to manage nitrogen efficiently to enhance corn production while minimizing negative environmental impact. Realizing that overemphasizing one component or underemphasis another creates instability, just like adding or cutting a piece of a leg in a three-legged stool, this research is trying to find the "sweet spot" where each of... F. Fernández |
5. Effect of Barley and Winter Pea Cover Crops on Nitrogen Availability in No-Till CornCover crops are known to have positive effects on soil health and reduce erosion. However, popular cereal grains used as cover crops, such as rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare) can negatively affect nitrogen availability for the subsequent corn crop. Legumes, such as winter peas (Pisum sativum) could reduce competition for nitrogen between the cereal cover crop and the summer corn crop. This study's objective is to determine if barley as a cover ... E. Marsh, C. Lee |
6. Corn Response to Sulfur Fertilization in Central Iowa SoilsReductions in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition and increased S removal through continuous cropping have led to S fertilizer responses in many crops. Responses to S fertilization by corn (Zea mays L.), however, have been inconsistent across the upper Midwest. Our objectives with this field study were to: (i) compare S sources for corn vegetative growth and grain yield; (ii) evaluate soil extractable S and S tissue concentrations at different growth stages as S diagnostic too... J. Kovar, C. Crespo, C. Hart, R. Roth, P. O'brien, S. Ruis |
7. Impact of Different Inorganic Phosphorus (P) Fertilizer Rates on Soil P PoolsPhosphorus runoff from agricultural fields is one of the contributors to the contamination and degradation of various aquatic ecosystems. Data from Ohio fertilizer trials show applying phosphorus (P) leads to an accumulation of P in the available pool, but the crop yield response remains unaffected. A better understanding of other P pools would be beneficial for comprehending the yield responses. This study aims to determine the impact of different inorganic P fertilizer rates on soil P pools... J. Singh, J. Ippolito, G. Labarge, M. Rakkar |
8. Evaluation of Dicyandiamide and Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Corn Production in Upstate MissouriNitrogen fertilizer is the most yield-responsive nutrient in corn production. In-field variability of soil properties such as organic matter content, drainage class, and microbial activity causes challenges in managing this nutrient which causes reduced yield potential and N-use efficiency. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) could reduce some of this variability by keeping N available to the plant longer. This research evaluated a non-treated control (NTC, 0 lbs N ac-1, dicyandiamide (DCD... D. Steinkamp, K. Nelson, G. Singh , M. Davis |
9. Corn Response to Nitrogen Rate at Three Topographic Positions Within a Terraced LandformNitrogen (N) application and topographic positions (TPs) are critical factors affecting corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and quality, particularly in regions with diverse terrain like Northern Missouri. A field experiment was conducted in Northern Missouri in 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the effects of four nitrogen rates (0, 120, 200, and 280 N lb acre-1) and three TPs (shoulder, backslope, and footslope) on corn yield and quality. Corn grain yield increased with N application rates th... M. Muhammad aslam, G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
10. Corn Grain Yield and Quality Response to Commercial Biostimulant Products and Nitrification InhibitorsBiological nitrogen (N) fixation by microorganisms plays a crucial role in the N cycle, transforming atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃) and enhancing plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate three biological N fixing products or biostimulants (BS), including Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (BS-1), Klebsiella variicola + Kosakonia sacchari (BS-2), and Methylobacterium symbioticum (BS-3) for their in-field performance in enhanc... R. Paul, G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
11. Investigating the Effects of Tillage Practices and Fertilizer Placement Strategies on Corn Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Eastern South DakotaIn South Dakota, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers are often used to optimize corn (Zea may L.) grain yields and maintain soil fertility. The placement of these fertilizers often has an impact on the nutrient accessibility to the plant and the fertilizer’s impact on the environment. The management of these fertilizers is largely influenced by the tillage system utilized. In the western corn belt, producers have historically used a combination of conventional an... C. Tesch, P. Kovacs |
12. Assessing Different Sources of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Nitrate Leaching in the Fall Period and Its Effect on the Following CornIllinois nutrient loss reduction strategy is questing to reduce nitrate and phosphorus (P) loss by 25 and 15% by 2025. Fall applied ammonium-based P fertilizers could result in both nitrate and phosphate loss during the fallow period. Two ways to minimize these losses are by utilizing urease and nitrification inhibitors and also assessing other sources of P including triple superphosphate (TSP) and dissolved air flotation (DAF) that separates solids from liquid manure. A four-times replicated... S. Koduru, M. Javid, R. Keshavarz afshar, A. Margenot, A. Sadeghpour |
13. Effects of Cover Crops on Surface Runoff Under Increasing Precipitation IntensitiesWith climate change increasing the frequency of extreme precipitation events, the risks of erosion, nutrient transport and flooding increase as well. Cover crops (CC) are a best management practice for cropping systems that are vulnerable to soil erosion. The objective was to analyze the effects of CC and precipitation intensity on surface runoff and water quality under natural precipitation events. Runoff and water quality data were collected from 2015-2022 from a corn-soybean crop... S. Moylan, N.O. Nelson, G. Kluitenberg, A. Sheshukov |
14. Short Term Effect of Double Cropping and Cover Cropping on Soil Physical PropertiesIntegrating cover crops into corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation has been promoted as a sustainable practice to reduce soil erosion, enhance soil health, and improve agricultural sustainability. However, growers are less inclined to include cover crops into their cash crop rotations especially winter cereals such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.) behind corn. One strategy to minimize the fallow period in corn-soybean rotation is by intensifying the ... F. Sheikhi shahrivar, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller, A. Sadeghpour |
15. Assessing Fall Applied Phosphorus Sources and Wheat Cover Crop on the Following Soybean PerformanceGrowers often maintain soil test phosphorus (STP) using ammonium phosphate fertilizers, such as diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18-46-0) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 11-52-0) and employ fall application to avoid competition for time and wet field conditions, both prevalent in the spring. However, fall application of nitrogen (N) with these P fertilizers presents a risk of N loss over the fallow period. One source that could minimize N loss during the fallow period is triple superphosphate (TSP;... M. Javid, J. Mcgrath, S. Babaei, F. Sheikhi shahrivar, A. Sadeghpour |
16. Impact of Nitrogen Application Timing on Corn Yield and Farm Profitability in Different Wheat Cover Cropping SystemsThe continuous increase in the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), has led to the introduction of mitigation strategies with the use of winter cereal cover crop such as winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The understanding of the use of these winter cereal cover crops in relation to soil N and its impact on corn yield is imperative. The study investigates the impact of cover crop termination and N application timing on corn pro... F. Adeyemi, O. Adeyemi, J. Mcgrath, S. Armstrong, A. Sadeghpour |
17. Assessing the Effectiveness of Green-Seeker Algorithm in Minimizing Nitrogen Loss in Corn Production SystemsTo improve water quality, nitrogen (N) management in corn production systems should shift from current N decision support system [maximum return to N (MRTN)] which suggests a single rate N addition to sensor-based (GreenSeeker) active N management (variable N rate approach). Single rate N recommendations often result in under- and over-N addition and either increase environmental N losses or cause corn yield penalty. Our objectives were to evaluate corn optimum nitrogen N requirement (EORN) i... O. Guzel, A. Sadeghpour, J. Mcgrath |
18. Industrial Hemp Response to Nitrogen ApplicationsWith the increasing interest in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a versatile crop for both fiber and grain production, optimizing nitrogen (N) management has become critical for maximizing its productivity. Field experiments were conducted at two locations (Novelty, Albany) in northern Missouri to evaluate the effects of N application rates on industrial hemp growth, biomass, and grain yield. The experiment was set as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arran... A. Nain, G. Kaur , K. Nelson, G. Singh , J. Miller |
19. County-Level Phosphorus Balances for 2017 in IllinoisCropland phosphorus (P) balances (manure and fertilizer P minus crop P removal) are great sustainability tools to assess long-term managements at farm, county, and state levels. Our objectives were to estimate county, regional, and state-level cropland P balances for Illinois in 2017. Based on the census data in 2017, Illinois county P balance ranged from -14.38 to 36 lb/acre/yr. Overall, Illinois had a negative P balance at about -3 lb/acre/yr. About 71% of counties, had a negative P balance... X. Liu, S. Xu, A. Margenot, A. Sadeghpour, O. Zandvakili, M. Guzel |
20. Nitrogen Rate and Harvesting Time Based on Growing Degree Days Influenced Winter Cereal Rye Morphological Traits, Forage Yield, Quality, and Farm Profit in Poorly Drained AlfisolsWinter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (WCR) is often double cropped with maize for silage (Zea mays L.) to increase farm forage supply and profit. Spring nitrogen (N) fertilization to WCR could influence its production and quality at different harvesting times. Therefore, two on-farm trials were conducted in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of harvesting time (late-March to end-of-April considering the growth stage) and spring N fertilizatio... G. Burkett, K. Vaughn, O. Adeyemi, O. Zandvakili, M. Battaglia, S. Babaei, J. Nair, S. Still, A. Sadeghpour |
21. Enhancing Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in Sorghum to Boost Yields and Reduced Nitrogen LossNitrogen management is crucial in modern farming as it plays a major role in achieving higher yields. This study aimed to identify the optimal nitrogen application rate and best management practices to prevent over-application, nitrogen losses, and nitrogen deficiency in crops. Kansas, a leading state in sorghum production, served as the study's setting. Research was conducted at four sites during 2021 and 2022 on rain-fed fields in North-East and North-West Kansas. The objectiv... M. Platero, P. Morinigo ferreira, D. Ruiz diaz, P. Tomlinson |
22. Phosphorus Management in the North Central Region: A Brief History, Current Unknowns and Next StepsThe history of phosphorus (P) reflects the history of agriculture in the North Central region. The yield-limiting importance of P, secondary to nitrogen, was recognized as at the turn of the 19th century. An overview of key developments and unfinished business following the picking of these low hanging fruit in the 20th century that face researchers, agronomists, and producers will be discussed. These include assessing P mobility, P sources from fertilizer versus soil, the concept o... A. Margenot |
23. Management Practices to Minimize Edge-of-Field Phosphorus LossManaging agricultural phosphorus (P) loss at the edge-of-field is critically important to inhibit the development of algal blooms in freshwater bodies. This is particularly important in the Northern Central region which has an abundance of freshwater lakes, agricultural lands, and harmful algal blooms. Edge-of-field monitoring data allows us to take a broad look at how management affects P export from cropland. Looking across a region over several decades also allows us to evaluate the non-ma... L. Pease |
24. Implication of Soil Conservation Practices on Fertility ManagementManagement practices for soil conservation are crucial for reducing soil degradation, and improving crop productivity and soil health. Often these practices are implemented after a problem has already occurred in a field. Therefore, because of changes in conservation management and year-to-year variability soil conditions are often not in a state of balance. Management practices for soil conservation are often studied to establish their impact on crop production, other soil properties, and th... F. Arriaga |