Proceedings
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1. Aerial Photographs to Guide Corn Fertigation DecisionsCorn producers with pivot irrigatio n have the potential to apply in-season nitrogen (N) fertilizer much more easily than their non-irrigated counterpa rts. A demonstration project was initiated in 2006 to take advantage of this potential. One advantage for in-season N application is that the risk of N loss prior to crop uptake is minimal. Another advantage is the opportunity to diagnose N n eed. A range of studies have shown that N need can vary widely from one field to another, as well as with... |
2. Corn and Soybean Grain Yield and Concentration of Potassium in Plant Tissues and Soil as Affected by Potassium FertilizationResearch in the Midwest has shown that K fer tilization tends to increase plant K uptake by corn and soybean and the K concentration of vegeta tive tissues. Several studies found that K fertilization usually increases the K concentrati on of vegetative plant parts, often regardless of the soil-test K (STK) level a nd grain yield response (Malla rino et al., 1999; Borges and Mallarino, 2000; Yin and Vyn, 2002a, 2002b; Borg es and Mallarino, 2003; Yin and Vyn, 2003). It is well known that the K co... |
3. Cover Crop Management for Soybean Iron Deficiency ChlorosisIron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC) has been a s oybean production in the Upper Midwest for many years. A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effect of cover crop management under increasing soil nitrate-N concentrations. The study was conducted at two locations each year with histor ies of IDC. The treatments incl ude nitrogen rates of 0, 100, and 200 pounds N per acre applied as Ur ea with and without an oat cover crop. The oat cover crop was planted at a rate of 1 bushe l per ac... |
4. Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rate, Timing, and Addition of Fertilizer Enhancer on Potato Yield and QualityPotato plants are very inefficient in their abil ity to utilize soil phosphorus (P) on some soils (Kelling et al., 1997). The optimum soil test P category for potato is more than three times greater than for other crops (Laboski et al ., 2006). Being a high value crop, potato growers generally tend to apply more P fertilizer than recommended because it is inexpensive insurance if a yield response to applied P would occur. State nutrient management regulation requires growers to write and follow ... |
5. Evaluating the Removal of Corn Residue on Crop Production and Soil QualityRemoval for corn residue as a possible feedstock for the biofuels industry leaves many producers with a number of unanswered questions. These include what impact will this have on the following crop and also the impact on soil quality associated with this practice. A field study was established in 2000 to addr ess these and other questions. Experimental treatments include three corn residue removal levels (low, mid and high); corn harvested for grain and all residue remains on the soil surface,... |
6. Evaluation of the Greenseeker Active Sensor for Sugarbeet Cropping System Nitrogen ManagementThe application of adequate, non-excessive rates of N fertilizer to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.) continues to increase in importance with rising fertilizer costs and industry transitions from yield-based payments to payments weighted towa rd crop quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of an optical sensor for its potential in assessing in-season sugarbeet N status, in-season yield prediction, and total N in foliage on day of harvest. Six N fertilizer treatments, from 0 to ... |
7. Factors Affecting the Relative Benefit of Deep-banding versus Broadcast Application of Phosphorus and Potassium for Corn and SoybeanScientifically based recommendations concerning the choice of deep banding versus traditional broadcast application of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for corn and soybean production in conservation tillage systems have been hampered by insufficient research and inconsistent results. Even when the decisi on is made (e.g. by strip-tillage corn farmers) to go with deep- banding of P and K, numerous questions remain about fertilizer rates, optimum deep-banding depth and frequency, whether to have ... |
8. Fertilizer Placement with Seed - A Decision AidBanding fertilizers with the seed at planting con tinues to be a popular option with producers in the Great Plains and North Central regions of the U.S. However, seed-placed fertilizer may limit germination/emergence of the seed/seedling. Nutrie nt source and rate are two factors affecting injury that are relatively simple to manage. Unfortunately, many crop producers and advisors have few rate guidelines for the many crop by fer tilizer combinations that are common to the region. The objectives... |
9. Field Measurements of Nitrous Oxide Emissions across a Nitrogen Fertilizer Gradient for Corn Cropping SystemsSignificant reductions in nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions from corn (Zea maize L.) cropping systems may be possible by reducing N fertilizer i nputs with relatively little impact on crop grain yield or economic return. To te st this hypothesis, experiments we re conducted at 4 locations in corn production in Michigan in 2007. All sites were under a corn-soybean rotation. Prior to planting, six rates of urea fertilizer (0-200 lb ac -1) were broadcast and incorporated into four replicate plots (RCB... |
10. In-Season Nitrogen Management for Corn ProductionWater quality impairment related to nitrogen (N) continues to be a concern in Iowa, including the nitrate drinking water standard, USEPA proposed surface water quality nutrient criteria, and the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia. Addressing these issues could include strict guidance for N input to corn and resultant N use practices that require very high level of management and risk, with unknown economic consequences. Rate of N application is an important ma nagement factor in corn production related to n... |
11. Management of Enhanced EfficiencyFertilizersPhosphorus generally occurs in soils as the anions H 2PO4- or HPO4-2, depending on the soil pH. These anions readily react with soil cations su ch as calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum to produce various phosphate compounds of limited wate r solubility. Crop recovery of applied P fertilizer can be quite low during the season of application. Specialty Fertilizer Products 1 has developed and patented a family of dicarboxylic co-polymers that can be used as a coating on granular or mixed into l... |
12. Manure Application Technology and Impact on Nitrogen DynamicsA field study was carried out ne ar Elora, Ontario to assess the impact of manure application timing and method on ammonia volatilization a nd nitrogen availability to the crop. A novel method was developed and calibrated for quan tifying ammonia volatilization using passive dosimeter tubes, which promises to provide an economical alternative to other methods. Ammonia loss was negligible from injected manure treatments, and when manure was incorporated immediately it had smaller losses th an wh... |
13. Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in a Long-term Research TrialIn 1993, a long term crop rotation study (The Living Field Laboratory) was initiated at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI, designed to investigate the benefits of cover crops in various integrated systems compared to a conventional system without cover crops. Today, with the rising cost of production (i.e. energy and fertiliz er) and continued environmental concerns, there are strong incentives for corn pr oducers to accurately assess N requirements and improve fertilizer ... |
14. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe general formula for determining N fertilizer ra te in North Dakota for about thirty-five years has been N-rate = (2.5 X Yield Potential (or Yield G oal) less credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate-N from a 2-foot soil core composite. Historically high fertilizer N costs and the ability to fertilize within fiel ds rather than whole field N management has resulted in a reexamination of N calibration data, and an effort to expand the modern N calibration database with new field exper... |
15. NUE in Practice: Will N-efficient Corn Hybrids Sell?Efficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is becomi ng increasingly important in corn production due to rising N fertilizer prices and growing concer ns about N contamination of ground and surface waters. Seed companies are also beginning to develop hybrids with N use efficiency (NUE) improved through trait introduction. The introduc tion of such hybrids will bring new questions about the value of higher NUE, and about risk ma nagement associated with decreasing, or not increasing, N use rates as... |
16. Plant Population Influences on Maize Physiological Responses to Nitrogen ApplicationPast genetic improvements in maize ( Zea mays L.) have led to the creation of modern hybrids that are increasingly tolerant to a variety of stresses and, in particular, to high plant populations. However, high plant densities can adversely a ffect overall grain yield due to greater intra- specific (within species) competition for lim iting resources. This competition increases barrenness and plant-to-plant variability for grain yield (GY CV) and other morpho-physiological traits. In this study, ... |
17. Predicting Relative Yield of Corn in Indiana Using an Active SensorFine-tuning N fertilization is important for impr oving the economic and environmental impact of corn production. This importance is highlighted by ever rising fertilizer prices and increased public scrutiny. Reflectance measurements usi ng an active sensor during the growing season may be useful for determining the need for additio nal N. This is the second year of a multi-year study to evaluate canopy reflectanc e as an N management tool across a variety of Indiana soil types. The objectives o... |
18. Skip-Row Configuration and Plant Density Effects on Sorghum Grain Yield and Yield Component in Southern NebraskaEqual spacing of sorghum rows typically results in the highest grain yield when soil water is adequate throughout the season, but skip-row plan ting may be a means to reduce water deficits during reproductive growth stages. We evaluated the effect of skip-row planting configuration and plant population density on grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency at five locations in a transect across southern Nebras ka where annual mean precipitation ranges from 300 to 900 mm yr -1. Three r... |
19. Soil pH and Manganese Effects on Roundup Ready SoybeansSoybean 'flas'h is a general yellowing of th e upper soybean canopy thought to be associated with high rates of glyphosate and reduced levels of manganese (Mn) with glyphosate-resistant soybeans. Several field sites varying in soil Mn levels and some with within field variable pH levels were evaluated between 2004 and 2006 for re sponsiveness of soybeans to glyphosate rate and Mn treatments. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the effects of foliar applied Mn and soil applied Mn on ... |
20. Sustainable Vegetable Crop Production Using Vermi-CompostThis research intends to utili ze earthworm castings as an alternate nutrient source, especially nitrogen, for vegetable crop production. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and 'Mountain Fresh' tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was used as the test crop. The main objectives were (1) to identify the optimum app lication rate of earthworm castings (EC) for tomato growth, and (2) to compare tomato res ponse under different treatments. Three different textural soils, namely sandy s... |
21. Swine Manure Applications for Soybean Production - Environnmental and Pathological ImplicationsSoybeans are leguminous plant sp ecies capable of fixing nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere to support their growth and development. Despite th e fact that soybeans can fix their own N, in a soil environment rich in inorgani c N they will scavenge for available N decreasing the level of root nodulation (Schmidt et al., 2000; Hester man and Isleib, 1991). Studies conducted to measure the impact of N fertilization of soybean s reveals that crop response to commercial N fertilizer does not result in ... |
22. Triple-Stacks, Genetics, and Biotechnology in Improving Nitrogen Use of CornGenetic improvement in N use efficiency (NUE) is a clear strategy fo r enhancing yield and fertilizer N management of corn ( Zea mays L.), and has been the subj ect of our ongoing research. Calculation of the N requirement (N fertilizer usage/grain yield) based on statewide average grain yields and fertilizer sales shows a stead y decrease since the mid 1980's, suggestive of a genetic improvement in N use. Direct comparis on of the response to N for a 1980�۪s hybrid with its modern counterpar... |
23. Using Reflectance Sensors to Predict Nitrogen Needs of CottonObjectives 1) Develop on-the-go N recommendations based on analysis of the reflectance sensor readings. 2) Determine the sensor model, height, and wa velength that give the best prediction for sidedress N. 3) Determine the best growth stag e for sensor-based sidedressing Relevance There is great spatial variability of N in the soil. Cotton fields that receive a blanket rate of nitrogen, ignoring the vari ability, will have areas of excessi ve growth. This unnecessary growth raises production cos... |
24. Value of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates for Corn ProductionMost N recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) production in the U.S. Midwest do not consider tillage as a factor when an appropriate N rate is determined. Our objectives were to determine the response of grain yield and RTN to increasing rates of fertilizer N for corn grown in three tillage systems. Tillage by N rate experiments we re conducted at eight Central Illinois site-years at three locations and years (1998-2000). Tillag e systems employed were: zero-till, where no tillage was performed ... |