Proceedings
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1. A Field Study of Soil Test Variability, Its Effects on Accuracy of Fertilizer Recommendations, and the Subsequent Effect of Variable Rate Fertilizer Application on Soil Test ValuesThree 2.5 acre blocks were selected for intensive soil sampling from within an approximate 90 acre field which had been partitioned into 35, 2.5 acre blocks by a farm supply dealer. The 2.5 acre blocks had previously been sampled on a central composite grid basis and a variable rate fertilizer spreader (VRS) programmed for fertilizing the field. Three other more intensive sampling techniques were used to sample the 3 blocks selected for more detailed studies. Results obtained showed that soil te... |
2. Alfalfa Response to K Rate, Source and Time of ApplicationThe potassium (K) requirement of alfalfa is greater than that for any other nutrient. Potassium influences several systems within-alfalfa plants, including enzyme activity, carbohydrate production and transport, stomata1 activity: photosynthesis through chlorophyll content and CO, exchange rate, and nitrogen fixation (Munson, 1985). Potassium also markedly influences alfalfa agronomically through yield increases and improvements in forage quality, disease resistance, and overwinter survival. A s... |
3. An Evaluation of Methods for Determining Site-Specific Management ZonesNumerous procedures have been examined for identifymg management areas within fields. Traditional soil surveys give a general understanding of the effects soil mapping units have on crop productivity. In the USA. county soil surveys report the average grain yield of major crops by soil series. Slope position and landform are topographic features thal also have been used to explain water and crop productivity relationships (Mulla et al., 1992; Sudduth et al., 1997). Generally, footslope positions... |
4. Are We Getting Better at Supplying Corn with Nitrogen?While the MRTN approach to making N rate guidelines is an improvement over previous methods, there remains the question about whether or not the database is sufficiently large to support the results adequately. This question is brought into focus when N rates used according to the MRTN guidelines are seen (or at least perceived) as being be inadequate in a given field or area in a given year. Other entities now making N rate recommendations may also market against the MRTN approach by raising do... |
5. Assessing the Status of Soil Phosphorus, Potassium and pH for Soybean Production in OhioSoybeans are one of the most valuable agronomic crops produced in Ohio, and in 2014, the value of Ohio⤙s soybean crop was $2.7 billion making soybean extremely important for agriculture and the economy. To achieve high soybean yields, it is essential to have the proper soil nutrient and pH levels; however, some nutrients can also have detrimental environmental effects. Phosphorus (P) can cause eutrophication of freshwater systems when high quantities enter waterways, furt... A. Brooker, L. Lindsey |
6. Assessing the Use of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Sugarbeet Yield and QualityA field study was initiated in Frankenmuth, MI to study the effects of enhanced efficiency fertilizers in comparison to standard nitrogen (N) programs on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality. The study was arranged as an 8 treatment randomized complete block design with four replications. All treatments received 40 pounds N/A as 28% UAN applied as a 2x2 (in) at planting with total N applications at 160 pounds N/A. Treatments consisted of urea sidedressed with light cultivation, N appli... C. Bauer, K. Steinke |
7. Better Maize Response to Optimal Fertilizer PlacementIncreasing trends in corn (Zea mays L.) yields require greater levels of applied nutrients per acre to maintain or increase yields; thus, we need to rethink how to best supply a crops⤙ required nutrients. One significant challenge associated with applying more fertilizer to support greater yields has been the negative environmental effects of increased levels of some nutrients, such as phosphorus. Fertilizer application technologies such as banding the fertilizer below the plant increases... |
8. Can Soil Information Better Inform Canopy Sensor Algorithms for Corn?Corn production is often limited by the loss of nitrogen (N) due to leaching, volatilization and denitrification. The use of canopy sensors for making in-season N fertilizer applications has been proven effective in matching plant N requirements with periods of rapid N uptake (V7-V11), reducing the amount of N lost to these processes. However, N recommendation algorithms used in conjunction with canopy sensor measurements have not proven accurate in many fields of the U.S. Cornbelt, resulting in... , N.R. Kitchen, J. Camberato, P.R. Carter, R.B. Ferguson, F.G. Fernandez, D.W. Franzen, F.G. Fernandez, E.D. Nafziger, C.J. Ransom, , J. Shanahan, G.M. Bean |
9. Comparison of Canopy Sensing Technologies for Corn Nitrogen Management in MinnesotaVarious crop canopy sensing tools are being used to manage nitrogen, but their utility to predict N needs in Minnesota remains unclear. The objectives of this study are to compare the effectiveness of different canopy sensing technologies at predicting corn (Zea mays L.) yield at different development stages, and compare their capability to determine in season N deficiency. Six to seven N rates at 35 to 45 kg N ha -1 increments were pre-plant applied in six fields throughout Minnesota and a rate... |
10. Comparison of Congranulated Fertilizer to Blends with S and Zn in Corn and SoybeansHigh yielding corn and soybean production systems in Missouri have renewed an interest in micronutrient management such as sulfur (S) which is essential for protein formation and zinc. (Zn) which is important for enzymes and metabolic reactions. Yield increases due to sulfur applications are more likely to occur during cool, wet springs when mineralization and crop growth are slow as a result of a decrease in atmospheric sulfur deposition. Soil tests in 2010 indicated that over 60% of the sam... M. Caldwell, K. Nelson, B. Burdick |
11. Corn Growth and Yield Responses to Pre-plant and In-season Nitrogen CombinationsIn-season N applications may help synchronize N availability with corn uptake but further investigation is needed to validate different combinations of pre-plant and in-season N strategies. Field experiments were initiated in 2014 to investigate corn response to N management programs involving multiple N-placements, timings, and sources applied at a single N rate at two Michigan locations. Nitrogen management programs were grouped into three strategies utilizing broadcast pre-plant incorporated ... |
12. Corn Nitrogen Evaluation in South DakotaCurrent Nitrogen (N) recommendations for corn in South Dakota use an N rate calculator approach (yield goal x 1.2 ⤓ soil test Nitrate-N (0-2 ft) ⤓ legume credits ⤓ other credits such as manure application or N in starter fertilizers + 30 lbs N/a for no-till). The N coefficient has been modified in the past from 1.45 in 1975, to 1.3 in 1982 and currently 1.2 determined 1991. The N coefficient is in dire need of re-evaluation becaus... A. Bly, S. Berg, P. Sexton, R. Gelderman |
13. Corn Response to Starter Phosphorus in Addition to Fertilizer Banded with Strip-tillageProducersoften question the need for starter fertilizer application in addition to deep band with strip-tillage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) starter on corn (Zea mays) in addition to deep-banded application. A study was conducted at two locations, one under supplemental irrigation and one dry land, with a corn-soybean crop rotation established in the spring of 2006. Strip-tillage was completed before corn in the rotation and soybean was planted withou... |
14. Crop Responses to Starter Fertilizer... |
15. Crop Sensors as In-season Nitrogen Management Tool for Winter Wheat in WisconsinIn Wisconsin, current winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nitrogen (N) rate guidelines are determined by soil type, previous crop, and pre-plant soil nitrate test (PPNT). Nitrogen management may be improved through site-specific assessments of N need in the spring, offering a more effective use of top-dressed N. The study objective was to determine if crop reflectance measurements could be used to determine optimal in-season N rates on silt loam soils in eastern Wisconsin. This study evaluated t... |
16. Determining Cropping System and Topsoil Depth Effects on Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient DynamicsUnderstanding the effects of fertilizer addition and crop removal on long-term change in soil test phosphorus (STP) and soil test potassium (STK) is crucial for maximizing the use of grower inputs on claypan soils. Due to variable topsoil depth, nutrient supply from subsoils, and crop removal across fields, accurate P and K fertilizer management can be challenging. Current Missouri fertilizer recommendations rely on a single buffering capacity for all soils throughout the state for P, and are on... |
17. Dietary P Management to Reduce Soil P Loading from Pig ManureThe potential use of phosphorus (P) based land application limits for animal manure has increased the importance of optimizing animal feed P management. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of using high available P (HAP) corn and phytase on 1) P uptake and excretion by young pigs, and 2) total P, PA-P, and water-soluble P (WSP) levels in fiesh manure generated by these pigs during a seven day digestibility trial. Our results show that, compared to the control diet... |
18. Do Soil Nitrogen Tests Relate to Nitrogen Mineralization in First-year Corn Following Alfalfa?Corn (Zea mays L.) is the most frequent first-year crop grown following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the Upper Midwest. In the majority of cases, first-year corn does not respond to fertilizer N, but sometimes large amounts are needed to optimize yield. The pre-sidedress and Illinois soil N tests (PSNT and ISNT, respectively) are early-season tests used to predict corn yield response to fertilizer N. These tests measure specific fractions of soil N and define a critical concentration to separ... |
19. Effect of Potassium Rates and Placement on Soil Test Variability Across Tillage SystemsExperiments were conducted from 1994 through 1996 at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center and the Belleville Research Center to evaluate K rates (60, 120, and 180 Ib KzO per acre) and placement methods in a corn and soybean rotation using chisel tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) practices. Four placement methods were used: surface broadcast, dribble, 10-inch wide surface band over each row, and banding 30 Ibs K20 per acre 2 inches to the side and 2 inches below the planted seed (remainder of the K ... |
20. Effect of Tillage, Rotation, and Nitrogen Rate on Rainfed Corn Yield and Nitrogen UptakeDetermining the long term effect of tillage, rotation and nitrogen rate in typical cropping sequences is important in making sound agronomic decisions. In northeast Nebraska rainfall is the major deternlinant of yield. In 1956 a tillage study was initiated to determine the effect of tillage. rotation and nitrogen rate on corn and soybean yields. Spring plow. disk and no-till treatments were applied to continuous corn and co1-n follo\ving soybeans on a Kennebec silt loam. Five nitrogen rates (0. ... |
21. Effect of Time and Rate of N Application on N use Efficiency and Surface Water Contamination with NitratesNitrate levels in excess of the public health standard of 10 mg N/1 in public water supplies along - with concern about hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico have drawn renewed interest to improving fertilizer N use efficiency. Prior research has indicated that some farmers may be unkaowingly contributing to these problems. The objectives of this research were to: determine the effect of rate and time of N application on nitrate-N concentrations in water from tile lines and to evaluate the effect of pre... |
22. Evaluation of Crop Canopy Sensors as a Tool for Soybean Research and ProductionDetermining the variables that consistently increase yields in soybean  [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] continues to challenge researchers, agronomists and growers alike. Crop canopy sensors have emerged as a technology used in other cropping systems to monitor and manage agricultural inputs. The sensors measure reflectance in selected wavebands that are used to calculate vegetation indices that relate to unique leaf or canopy characteristics. The objectives of this study were to determine if a comme... |
23. Evaluation of Fertilizer Placement for Corn with Contrasting Rooting SystemCorn genetic improvements in recent year⤙s generated hybrids adapted for water limited conditions (drought tolerant-DT). Drought tolerant hybrids were developed with conventional breeding selection process, and therefore selected based on certain characteristics such as growth habits and root system. New transgenic DT corn hybrids are also becoming available to producers. A previous study demonstrated that corn response to starter fertilizer application can vary by hybrid (Gordon et al, 19... |
24. Evaluation of Macronutrient Uptake and Partitioning in Winter WheatA better understanding of nutrient uptake patterns during the growing season for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) can help to improve nutrient management decisions at the farm level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of macro and micronutrient fertilization on nutrient uptake and partitioning for a Kansas wheat variety. This study was conducted during the 2014-2015 growing season at the Manhattan North Farm research station, Kansas State University. The experimental design w... |
25. Evaluation of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Corn and Soybean Yields and Soil Test Levels in OhioThe most recent fertilizer phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) recommendations for corn and soybean grown in Ohio were established in the mid-90s and research is required to verify the appropriateness of these recommendations after 20 years. In this study, corn and soybean rotations were established and maintained at three sites from 2006 to 2014 and fertilizer P and K were applied at 1) zero rates, 2) estimated nutrient removal rates and 3) twice the estimated nutrient removal rates for each rotat... |
26. Evaluation of Soybean Response to Micronutrients using Strip TrialsLimited studies are available on soybean response to micronutrients and particularly in field- scale strips. The objective of this study was to evaluate soybean tissue response to micronutrient fertilizers in fields with high soil variability. The experimental design consisted of two strips, an unfertilized and fertilized replicated three times. The treatments included an untreated control and a blend of Cu, Mn and Zn at a rate of 10 lb acre -1 and B at a rate of 2.5 lb acre-1. Soil samples were... |
27. Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable AgricultureField To Market®: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture Field To Market® is a diverse alliance working to create opportunities across the agricultural supply chain for continuous improvements in productivity, environmental quality, and human well-being. The group provides collaborative leadership that is engaged in industry-wide dialogue, grounded in science, and open to the full range of technology choices.... |
28. Foliar Fertilization of SoybeansExtensive research addressed foliar fertilization of soybeans at reproductive stages during the 70s and 80s. The soybean plant has been characterized by markedly reduced root activity during late seed development and increased translocation of nutrients and metabolites fiom other tissue into the seed. This depletion of numents from leaves could result in decreased photosynthesis. leaf senescence. and lower grain yields. Researchers theorized that if nutrients were applied directly to the foliage... |
29. Identifying Critical Sources of Phosphorus Export from Agricultural WatershedsPhosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant and animal growth, and its input to agriculture is necessary to maintain profitable crop and animal production. Eutrophication, the natural aging of lakes or streams brought on by nutrient enrichment, can be accelerated by P inputs to fresh waters from human activities (Carpenter et al., 1998; Schindler. 1977). Eutrophication has been identified as the main problem in surface waters withimpaired water quality (USEPA. 1996). It restricts water use ... |
30. Improved Nitrogen Management for the Food Industry Supply ChainA project is being led by the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) and The Fertilizer Institute (TFI), with cooperation by Fertilizers Canada (FC), to help strengthen the science underpinning the Field to Market Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture Fieldprint Calculator (FPC) and its field-scale greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions estimates. Cooperating Land Grant University nitrogen (N) management scientists and USDA NRCS and ARS nitrous oxide (N 2O) emission scientists were invited to wor... |
31. In-season N for Corn Reduced Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Drainage Water Nitrate ConcentrationFarmers want to get the N fertilizer they apply into their crop, not lose it to air and water. This can be difficult to accomplish during wet years when N loss processes are going strong. Applying N in-season can be difficult to accomplish during wet years, but reduces the odds that N will be lost before the crop has a chance to take it up. We compared 2 N management strategies (140 lb N/acre applied pre-plant and variable-rate N applied sidedress based on canopy sensor measurements) and 3 drain... |
32. Influence of Plant Growth Regulators and Nitrogen Rate on Soft Red Winter Wheat Growth and YieldExcessive spring nitrogen (N) applications on wheat (Triticum aestivum) can result in reduced stem rigidity leading to plant lodging prior to harvest. Lodged wheat may reduce grain quality due to inhibition of nutrient transport from roots to grain or decrease grain yield through the inability to thresh lodged plants. Palisade (trinexapac-ethyl [TE]) is a newly labeled plant growth regulator for wheat production in Michigan and was designed to decrease internode length and increase stem thicknes... |
33. Influence of Sulfur Source on CornSulfur is an essential plant nutrient. Medium and fine texture high organic matter soils in South Dakota usually supply adequate levels of sulfur to plants. Very sandy soils are less capable of supplying sulfur to plants but even these soils usually provide adequate sulfur for plant needs. However, in recent years above average precipitation may have caused leaching of sulfur, possibly resulting in sulfur deficiencies. In addition, spring soil temperatures have stayed cool, likely slowing decay ... |
34. Low-Phytate Corn- A Genetic Approach to Manure-P ManagementManaging nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contained in manure produced by monogastric animals (primarily poultry and swine) is complicated because the N:P in corn grain is 6: 1 but only 3: 1 or less, in the manure. The P content in manure fiom monogastric animals becomes elevated because corn grain and many other feed sources contain most of their P as phytic acid (phytate) which is unavailable to these species because they lack the intestinal enzyme, phytase, needed to metabolize phytic acid-P. ... |
35. Measuring Soil Quality Changes in Corn and Soybean RotationsSoil quality is described as the ability of the soil to sustain crop growth and development along with nutrient cycling and water infiltration and retention. One possible strategy to maintain or increase soil quality is crop rotation. Crop rotations have the potential to increase crop yields, disrupt diseaseand pest cycles, and when a legume is added to the rotation, reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements. Although the long-term productivity and sustainability of agriculture are dependent on ma... M. Adams, G. Behke, E. Nafziger, M. Villamil |
36. Micronutrients Fertilization for Corn and Soybean: A Research UpdateEssential plant nutrients such as boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), and others are absorbed by crops in very small amounts and are referred to as micronutrients. A deficiency can have a large impact on crop yield, however, because they perform important physiological functions. The soil parent material and soil formation processes over time along with effects of soil moisture, aeration, and temperature can significantly influence the amount of plant-a... |
37. Nitrogen and Harvest Impact on Biomass Yield of Perennial Warm-season GrassesUncertainties of the supply of fossil fuels from finite resources and the negative environmental impacts of their use are the two major driving forces for the search of alternative burning fuels. Perennial warm-season grasses have drawn interest as bioenergy feedstocks due to the high yielding capacity with minimal amounts of inputs under a wide range of geography, and the capability to produce multiple environmental benefits. Nitrogen (N) fertility and harvest management are considered as crit... |
38. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recalibration for Sunflower in the Northern Great PlainsSunflower producers in the northern Great Plains states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota are presently directed to N and P recommendations that originate from research performed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These three states alone produce more than 80% of the sunflowers in the United States on a yearly basis (USDA-NASS, 2015). The current general formulas determining N and P fertilizer rate in these top-producing states are equivalent. The N recommendation is represented here ... |
39. Nitrogen Contribution from Different Manure SourcesNitrogen fertilizer equivalencies (NFE) from manure are influenced by manure type, application method, crop selection, and environmental conditions. Much of the research to determine NFE of manure was conducted in tilled systems but many producers use no-tillage (NT) to reduce soil erosion and labor requirements. The objective of this study was to determine NFE for different manure types used in corn (Zea mays L.) cropping systems. Manures consisted of composted swine manure (CSM), poultry litte... |
40. Nitrogen Fertilization of SoybeanNitrogen (N) requirement of soybean is high because of the high protein seed produced. One bushel of soybean requires over 3.5 pounds of N in the grain alone. Symbiotic Nz fixation supplies N for soybean, but Harper (1 974) reported that only 25 to 60% of the N in a marure soybean piant comes from N fixation while the other 40 to 75% comes from the soil. However. application of N fertilizer to soybean remains a very controversial issue because of mixed results of previous research.... |
41. Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Corn Using Remotely-Sensed Imagery and Small-Plot ExperimentsNitrogen management for irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) grown along the Arkansas River Valley in Kansas is a concern due to the hig&ly leachable soils and high water tables (ranging fiom 10-50 A). Irrigated corn usually requires a high input of N fertilizer to achieve maximum yields, and most farmers in this area have been applying a uniform rate of nitrogen across their fields every growing season based on the following KSU N recommendation. N Rec = [YG * 1.35 lbs bu-'1 STA - PCA - PYM - PNST N Re... |
42. Nutrient Reduction StrategiesThe Hypoxia Task Force (HTF) 2008 Action Plan set a goal or reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus load reaching the Gulf by 45% in order to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone to 5,000 km 2. Each of the 12 states along the main stem of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers were to develop a state specific strategy by 2013 to achieve the goal by 2015. These plans have been developed and work is underway to implement the strategies, but the time line was not realistic. In February 2015, the HTF announced... |
43. Optimizing Nitrogen Managament in Manure CornfieldsAnimal manure can provide N needed for production of corn. A major problem. however. is that manure is not perceived to be a reliable source of plant-available N. Much of the manure-N is known to be lost soon after application to soils, and much of the remaining N is known to persist as forms that are not readily available to the next crop. Recent studies involving 148 on- farm trials show that the late-spring test for soil nitrate has great potential for addressing this problem. The test involv... |
44. Optimizing P Based In-Furrow Starter Fertilizer in Fields with Variable Soil Test P LevelsSoils in Minnesota are highly variable in chemical properties, particularly pH which can range from acidic to basic within a single field. In-furrow starter fertilizer is popular if fields with variable- and high (>7.5) pH fields to enhance early plant growth. The purpose of this study was to determine if in-furrow starter fertilizer rate should be varied in fields with varying pH and if starter fertilizer can increase yield in the presence of broadcast P applied at a non- limiting rate. Eight f... |
45. Phosphorus Loss with Runoff after Applying Fertilizer or Manure as Affected by the Timing of RainfallPublic concerns about agriculture impacts on water quality and the likelihood of further government regulation have been increasing. Phosphorus usually is the nutrient that limits and controls algae growth and eutrophication in freshwater bodies. The uninformed public and many in regulatory agencies see reducing fertilization rates as an effective way of reducing nutrient loss from fields and improving water quality, especially when animal manure is applied. Soil testing for P is a useful, altho... |
46. Remotely Sensed Crop Indices for Nitrogen StressCrop nitrogen (N) stress has a strong influence on plant vigor and growth. Under field conditions, crop N stress is frequently expressed through spatial variability in biomass production and grain yield. Remote sensing serves as a useful tool to monitor crop N status by characterizing canopy reflectance because certain wavebands (i-e., colors) are sensitive to chlorophyll and crop growth. Unfortunately, interpreting reflectance data in terms of crop stress is still an inexact science. Several in... |
47. Residue Harvest Effect on Irrigated, No-till Corn Yield and Nitrogen ResponseImmobilization of applied N is expected when much high C:N crop residue remains in the field as is typical following corn grain harvest. Immobilization of N is expected to be less if crop residue is less. The effect of reduced immobilization on N availability may more than compensate for N removed in residue harvest. Therefore, applied N requirement for a following corn crop may be less if crop residue is reduced through harvest. Residue removal decreased the economically optimal N rate (EONR) ... |
48. Roto and Shoot Biomass and Nutrient Composition in a Winter Rye Cover CropNitrogen loss from applied fertilizer can be a significant environmental quality issue if NO 3 moves to surface or ground water. The Iowa nutrient reduction strategy science assessment identified winter cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) cover crop as a practice that can significantly reduce N and P loss (41% NO 3-N and 21% P reduction) from corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] fields. Cereal rye, when used as a cover crop, through its fibrous root system is able to explore the so... |
49. Soybean and Corn Yield Response to Fertilizar Placement and Tillage SystemNutrient availability and, consequently, yields can be strongly influenced by tillage system and fertilizer placement. Also, different genotypes and rooting systems can affect nutrient uptake and plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate fertilizer placement and tillage system effects on yields in soybean and corn with different varieties/hybrids. The experiment was established in two locations in Kansas and the experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split-plo... |
50. Soybean Nitrogen Aquisition and UtilizationBecause of its high seed protein concentration soybean has a huge nitrogen demand, about 350 IbdA for a 65-bu/A crop. The nitrogen is supplied by two acquisition systems that operate in tandem. In early season the plant uses soil nitrate; later its nitrogen is acquired largely through Nz fixation. On highly fertile, Midwestern soils nitrate utilization peaks at about R3 and then declines sharply. With heavy nitrogen fertilization peak nitrate utilization can be extended through R5, but ordinaril... |
51. Soybean Nitrogen Contributions and Rotation EffectsCorn-soybean rotations are widely used in Midwestern grain production. These rotations usually produce higher corn yields and require less supplemental nitrogen (N) than corn grown following corn. The yield benefits are usually attributed to rotation effects, although the precise mechanisms responsible for the yield enhancement are often not well defined. Nitrogen contributions from soybean in rotations are also not well understood because nitrogen budgets for soybean show that soybean harvested... |
52. Soybean Response to Broadcast Application of Boron, Chloride, Manganese, and ZincMicronutrients are essential for plant growth but in low concentration. There has been increased pressure for farmers to apply micronutrients to soybean [Glycine max (Merr.) L.] due to a perception that deficiencies have increased. The objective of this study was to evaluate soybean yield and quality response to broadcast micronutrients. A study was conducted in Minnesota from 2013 to 2014. Treatments consisted of B (0 or 2 lb ac ï¤_1), Cl (0 or 20 lb acï¤_1), Mn (0 or 10 lb acï¤_1), and Z... |
53. Spring Wheat Response to Copper Fertilization in North DakotaTraditionally, copper responses have been tllought to be associated with organic soils. However, recent Canadian research has found that copper responses by wheat are possible on low organic matter, coarse textured soils. A yield response to copper in spring wheat was found in North Dakota on a coarse textured, low organic matter soil. Yield responses were not found in similar copper soil test levels of higher organic matter, heavier textured soils. A two-tiered recommendation strategy is sugges... |
54. Starter Fertilizer and High Yield Management Impacts on Corn Production... |
55. Sulfur Sources, Chemistry, Extent of Deficiencies, and Application Considerations in the North Central Region of the USASulfur (S) has not been considered in the North Central USA region as more than a special-case fertilizer until recently. Originally recommended for canola in the northern plains of North America and throughout the region in sandy, eroded soils, then commonly required in many soils in the western-most states in the region. Reasons for a more widespread need include depleted atmospheric sources, use of low S fertilizers, higher crop yields, and greater annual rainfall in some years. The S soil te... |
56. The Potential use of Polymer-Coated Urea as a Spring Nitrogen Source for WheatMost of the soils in Northwest Ohio are medium to fine texture with poor internal drainage. Tile drainage has improved these fields, but nitrogen loss still often occurs from denitrification, especially during cold and wet springs. Growers compensate for this potential loss by applying more N at green-up or split spring applications. both of which add costs. -4 slow release N fertilizer may reduce the need for more N or split applications. One of the new time release N products is polymer-coated... |
57. The Potential use of Polymer-coated Urea as an In-Furrow Fertilizer for CornMost of the soils in Northwest Ohio are medium to fine texture with poor internal drainage. Tile drainage has improved these fields, but nitrogen loss still often occurs from denitrification, especially during cold and wet springs. The use of no-till practices has accentuated the problem. Starter fertilizers at planting have often improved the early growth of corn under these cold and wet conditions. IIowever, weather conditions may prevent timely sidedressing after planting, and cause N deficie... |
58. Tillage and Potassium Effects on Potassium use Efficiency in a Corn-Soybean RotationA field study was conducted from 1994 through 1996 at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center @SAC) on a Bonnie sil soil and at the SlU Belleville Research Center (BRC) on a Herrick sil soil. No-till (NT) and spring chisel tillage (CT) systems were compared in a corn-soybean rotation. Within each tillage system, potassium (K) rates of 60, 120 and 180 Ib K20 per acre were combined with four placement methods that included surface broadcast, 10-inch surface band over the intended row, surface dribbl... |
59. Topsoil Depth Influences Switchgrass Nitrogen Managment on Claypan SoilsSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an attractive forage or bioenergy crop option for eroded portions of claypan landscapes where grain crop production is marginally profitable. Topsoil depth to the claypan can vary widely within fields and little information exists on the impacts of the topsoil depth on nitrogen (N) management of switchgrass. Therefore, a study was initiated in 2009 at University of Missouri South Farm located near Columbia, MO on a site known as Soil Productivity Assessment f... |
60. Variability of Soil Test Phophorus and Management of Phosphorus FertilizerSoil avdable phosphorus (P) can have appreciable spatial variation wluch could result in inefficient ferthzer use. The hlgh cost of mapping ttus variab&ty may make sit2 spedc management of P uneconomic. Seed-placing a small amount of P fertrli2er has been shown to increase gain yield of corn. Therefore. it may have potential for improving P use efficiency. Ah txperiment was conducted to evaluate the spatial pattern of soil test P and the spatial response of applied P fertilizer. The scale of P v... |
61. Which Corn Nitrogen Fertilization Rate Tools Preforms the Best in the Midwest?Publicly-available nitrogen (N) rate recommendation tools are utilized to help maximize yield in corn production. These tools often fail when N is over-applied and results in excess N being lost to the environment, or when N is under-applied and results in decreased yield and economic returns. Performance of a tool is often based on the specific soil and weather conditions of a growing season. Research is needed to determine which tools are the most effective at recommending economical optimal N... |