Proceedings
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1. Agronomic Management of Nitrogen to Reduce N2O Emissions in ManitobaNitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil accounts for about 20% of Manitoba’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Numerous and recent field research has evaluated these emissions as influenced by nitrogen (N) management practices – such as use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs), fertilizer placement and timing, use of legume and cover crops and organic farming. Several practices result in considerable decreases in N2O emissions, across a w... J. Heard, M. Tenuta |
2. Manure Total Nitrogen Variability Due to Analytical Method and Total Solids ContentKnowing the nutrient analysis of a fertilizer source is essential to ensure adequate nutrients for crop growth, while not causing potential environmental impacts by overapplying nutrients. Using manure as a nutrient source can complicate matters as the nutrient content can be variable and the manure can come in a range of liquid to solid consistencies. There are multiple laboratory methods to determine different nutrient parameters and for manure total nitrogen levels the most common me... N.L. Bohl bormann, M.L. Wilson, E.L. Cortus, J. Floren, R.O. Miller, L. Gunderson |
3. A Minnesota-Wide Assessment of Critical Pre-Plant and in-Season Soil Nitrate for Adjusting Nitrogen Rate GuidelinesThe pre-plant (PPNT) and pre-sidedress (PSNT) soil nitrate tests are often used as indicators of soil nitrogen (N) availability in Minnesota. The assessment of available soil nitrogen (N) provides corn (Zea mays L.) growers with key information on N credits to adjust their N fertilizer rates. However, current N management recommendations in Minnesota were based on research conducted 40-yr ago and did not specify differences between environments and management. Through a comprehensive... E. Souza, F.G. Fernandez, J. Coulter, M. Wilson, J.A. Vetsch, P.H. Pagliari, R.T. Venterea, D.E. Kaiser, K.P. Fabrizzi, D. Bernau, C.J. Rosen, K. Mizuta, Y. Miao, V. Sharma |
4. Advances in North Dakota Soil Fertility 2022Following years of accumulating data from field studies using the GreenSeeker™ and Holland Scientific Crop Circle™ active optical sensors, algorithms for use in spring wheat for in-season N application for yield, and immediate post-anthesis N application for protein enhancement have been developed. Both algorithms require an N non-limiting area as a standard. The algorithm for protein enhancement considers whether a cultivar has inherent high protein or lower protein characteristi... D. Franzen, H. Bu, M. Berti, A. Wick |
5. Aerial Photographs to Guide Corn Fertigation DecisionsCorn producers with pivot irrigatio n have the potential to apply in-season nitrogen (N) fertilizer much more easily than their non-irrigated counterpa rts. A demonstration project was initiated in 2006 to take advantage of this potential. One advantage for in-season N application is that the risk of N loss prior to crop uptake is minimal. Another advantage is the opportunity to diagnose N n eed. A range of studies have shown that N need can vary widely from one field to another, as well as with... |
6. Assessing the Impact of the 4R Nutrient Management on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in CornDetermining the best management practices for nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to corn is crucial to achieving the objectives of the 4 r's of nutrient stewardship. Although producers have a wide range of options regarding N fertilization, identifying the right rate, source, placement, and timing can significantly impact productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. Our objectives were to evaluate the agronomic efficiency (AE), and the corn grain yields as afected by different rates, source... D. Ruiz diaz, P. Morinigo |
7. Benchmarking Nitrogen Recommendation Tools for Nebraska Winter WheatAttaining high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) remains a current research challenge in crop production. Digital ag technologies for site-specific N management have been demonstrated to improve NUE. This is due to the ability of digital technologies to account for the spatial and temporal distribution of crop N demand and available soil N in the field, which varies greatly according to soil properties, climate, and management. In addition, winter wheat protein content is highl... J. Cesario pinto, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, T. Mieno, L. Puntel, G. Balboa |
8. Biochemical Soil Health Indicators Related to Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate in CornIn corn production, nitrogen (N) fertilization is one of the main inputs to enhance yield. However, in the last few years, reducing N utilization has been a goal due to environmental concerns and production costs. Soil health tests have been studied to understand the relationship with N availability and its use to adjust N recommendation rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of different soil tests with the economic optimum N rate (N) for corn in Wisconsin. Soil ... D. Orjuela diaz, C.A. Laboski, F. Arriaga |
9. Carbon Credit and Sequestration in Agroecosystems; Lessons from Trials in Southern IllinoisA carbon (C) credit is the attribution of net CO2-C equivalent which can be used to decrease climate forcing through a given practice or farming system for a given unit time. Carbon credits allow industries to purchase C that is produced on a farm (i.e., offsets). Carbon can be captured in two ways; (i) by capturing and reducing greenhouse gasses (on a CO2-C equivalent basis), and/or (ii) by increasing soil organic C stocks. Therefore, to enable C credits in the agricult... A. Sadeghpour, A.M. Weidhuner, G. Burkett, O. Zandvakili, O. Adeyemi, C. Kula, J. Berberich, J. Pike, A.J. Margenot |
10. Comparison of Wheat and Barley to Rye As a Cover Crop for MaizeCover crops are used by farmers in Kentucky to prevent soil erosion and uptake residual nitrogen in between growing seasons of cash crops. Cereal rye has become a popular cover crop due to its sizeable biomass production and superior nitrate uptake ability. Wheat and barley have similar fibrous root systems and may have value as a cover crop. A field study was conducted at the University of Kentucky North Farm in Lexington, KY, in 2021 and 2022. The objectives of this study were to determine ... R. Nalley, C. Lee |
11. Consideration of Clay Mineralogy for Enhanced Prediction of Optimal Corn Potassium Fertilizer RatesProperly calibrated potassium (K) fertilizer recommendations (KFRs) are critical for improving crop yields and maintaining environmental stewardship. Recent innovations in soil and crop management suggest that certain soil factors, including clay mineralogy, can be used to predict optimal K requirements in corn. The objectives of this study include 1) correlate soil K levels to corn yield, 2) calibrate KFRs with clay mineralogy data, and 3) determine the relationships among clay mineralogy, K... A. Ahlersmeyer, J. Clark, K. Osterloh, D. Clay |
12. Corn and Soybean Grain Yield and Concentration of Potassium in Plant Tissues and Soil as Affected by Potassium FertilizationResearch in the Midwest has shown that K fer tilization tends to increase plant K uptake by corn and soybean and the K concentration of vegeta tive tissues. Several studies found that K fertilization usually increases the K concentrati on of vegetative plant parts, often regardless of the soil-test K (STK) level a nd grain yield response (Malla rino et al., 1999; Borges and Mallarino, 2000; Yin and Vyn, 2002a, 2002b; Borg es and Mallarino, 2003; Yin and Vyn, 2003). It is well known that the K co... |
13. Corn Responses to Sulfur Fertilizer in IndianaCorn yield increases in response to sulfur (S) applied as ammonium thiosulfate in liquid N (in sidedress and/or starter fertilizer applications) occurred in ~40% of 40 trials conducted between 2017 and 2021 and ranged from 4 to 24 bushels per acre on responsive sites. Increased grain yield with S fertilization occurred on soils ranging in texture from sandy loam to silty clay loam and soil organic matter concentrations from ~1 to 3%. Yield increases with S fertilization were not predicted by ... J. Camberato, D. Salguero, R. Nielsen |
14. Cover Crop Management for Soybean Iron Deficiency ChlorosisIron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC) has been a s oybean production in the Upper Midwest for many years. A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effect of cover crop management under increasing soil nitrate-N concentrations. The study was conducted at two locations each year with histor ies of IDC. The treatments incl ude nitrogen rates of 0, 100, and 200 pounds N per acre applied as Ur ea with and without an oat cover crop. The oat cover crop was planted at a rate of 1 bushe l per ac... |
15. Cover Crop Species and Planting Methods Influence on Corn N Requirement in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized c... A. Sadeghpour, C. Kula, G. Sener, C. Vick |
16. Cover Crops, Manure, and NitrogenFall seeded cover crops can offer soil and water conservation benefits to dairy-based cropping systems. However, uptake by these fall cover crops can also limit nitrogen availability from the manure to the next crop. Field research projects throughout the state of Wisconsin have been conducted to assess how cover crop specie, biomass, and N uptake influence the amount of supplemental N needed to fertilize the following corn crop to maximize yield. Fall seeded cover crops that winter kill (spr... M. Ruark, A. Waggoner |
17. Design, Wrangling and Analysis of an On-farm Strip Trial. Iowa Soybean Association MethodologiesIowa Soybean Association (ISA) has conducted over 4,000 replicated on-farm trials over the past 15 years. During this time, we have developed our own methodologies and approaches to the data. In this talk we review step by step ISA approaches to a replicated strip trial involving 5 nitrogen rates including trial design, data wrangling, data analysis and machine learning approaches. The talk concludes with discussion on some difficulties in on-farm research with an appeal to the science commun... S. Nelson |
18. Does Interseeded Cover Crops Composition Affect Corn N Fertilizer Needs and Corn and Soybean Yields?Cover crops are often recommended as a valuable practice to develop more sustainable cropping systems. However, interseeding cover crops may change the amount and timing of nitrogen (N) provided to the crop from decomposition (mineralization), which may increase or decrease the N fertilizer required to optimize corn grain yield. This study aims at understanding the effect of cover crop composition (single and multispecies) on soil biological measurements, corn N requirements, and corn and soy... S. Kodali, J.D. Clark |
19. Drainage and Nitrogen Management Affects Soil Health and Soil PropertiesMidwestern United States farmers rely on key fertilizer inputs and management of soil drainage to maintain productivity and profitability. Subsurface tile drainage is used extensively throughout the Midwest U.S. to lower the water table and drain waterlogged soils. To improve nutrient use efficiency and sustainable crop production, best management practices such as 4R nutrient stewardship framework is being promoted in conjunction with drainage water management technology. The 4R nutrient ste... H. Kaur, K.A. Nelson, G. Singh, G. Kaur |
20. Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rate, Timing, and Addition of Fertilizer Enhancer on Potato Yield and QualityPotato plants are very inefficient in their abil ity to utilize soil phosphorus (P) on some soils (Kelling et al., 1997). The optimum soil test P category for potato is more than three times greater than for other crops (Laboski et al ., 2006). Being a high value crop, potato growers generally tend to apply more P fertilizer than recommended because it is inexpensive insurance if a yield response to applied P would occur. State nutrient management regulation requires growers to write and follow ... |
21. Effects of Silicon Supplementation on Growth and Silicon Accumulation in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)This study assessed the effect of silicon (Si) supplementation on biomass production and Si accumulation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Plants were grown in buffered Hoagland’s media (pH 6) with four Na2SiO4 treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mM). The two species responded differently to Si supplementation in terms of biomass. For bentgrass, biomass was enhanced by Si supplementation, but only significantly (... S. Qian, J. Unrine, H. Poffenbarger |
22. Elucidating How N Management Practices and Excess Water Conditions Affect Corn N Uptake and Grain YieldFlooding and waterlogging events have been more frequent in the Midwest region, causing corn yield penalty nitrogen losses through leaching and denitrification processes. Improving N fertilizer recommendations for areas prone to flood conditions is necessary to minimize N losses and optimize corn yield. This research aimed to determine how N application practices before and after waterlogging events impact corn growth and grain yield. A field experiment was initiated in 2021 in Custar, Ohio u... W. Novais, C.D. Sprunger, L.E. Lindsey, S. Khanal, O. Ortez, M. Mann, A. . Lindsey |
23. Evaluating the Removal of Corn Residue on Crop Production and Soil QualityRemoval for corn residue as a possible feedstock for the biofuels industry leaves many producers with a number of unanswered questions. These include what impact will this have on the following crop and also the impact on soil quality associated with this practice. A field study was established in 2000 to addr ess these and other questions. Experimental treatments include three corn residue removal levels (low, mid and high); corn harvested for grain and all residue remains on the soil surface,... |
24. Evaluation of Plant Tissue Analysis to Assess Phosphorus Nutritional Status in Corn and SoybeanPlant phosphorus (P) tissue analysis can be used to identify the nutritional status and potential response to P fertilization. This study aimed to determine critical P tissue concentration at different growing stages for corn and soybean. The experiment was conducted across multiple corn and soybean locations in Kansas. Tissue samples were collected as whole plant V6 stage and ear leaf R1 stage in corn, whole plant V4 stage, and trifoliate R3 for soybean. Plant tissue samples were dried, grou... G. Roa, D. Ruiz diaz, B. Rutter |
25. Evaluation of Soil Test Potassium Guidelines in MinnesotaChanges in corn and soybean potassium guidelines in states in the Upper Midwest have resulted in questions from consultants and farmers as to how best to manage the nutrient. In Iowa, soil samples analyzed on a field moist basis have been suggested as a method to predict the amount of potassium required for corn and soybean production while in North Dakota the ratio of illite to smecite in soil samples is utilized to determine the appropriate critical level to determine where potassium fertil... D. Kaiser, L. Leverich-nigon |
26. Evaluation of Soybean Response to Surface and Sub-surface Phosphorus Fertilizer PlacementPhosphorus (P) fertilizer placement can affect P plant uptake during the growing season and yield at harvest; in addition, sub-surface placement of P fertilizer can provide environmental benefits by minimizing losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate soybean response to surface and sub-surface P fertilizer application. This study was conducted in 2022 at two locations (Scandia and Manhattan, Kansas). The average soil P level (Mehlich 3) was 16.8 ppm in Manhattan and 2.8 ppm in Scan... D. Ruiz diaz, J. De oliveira demarco |
27. Evaluation of the Greenseeker Active Sensor for Sugarbeet Cropping System Nitrogen ManagementThe application of adequate, non-excessive rates of N fertilizer to sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L.) continues to increase in importance with rising fertilizer costs and industry transitions from yield-based payments to payments weighted towa rd crop quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of an optical sensor for its potential in assessing in-season sugarbeet N status, in-season yield prediction, and total N in foliage on day of harvest. Six N fertilizer treatments, from 0 to ... |
28. Factors Affecting the Relative Benefit of Deep-banding versus Broadcast Application of Phosphorus and Potassium for Corn and SoybeanScientifically based recommendations concerning the choice of deep banding versus traditional broadcast application of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for corn and soybean production in conservation tillage systems have been hampered by insufficient research and inconsistent results. Even when the decisi on is made (e.g. by strip-tillage corn farmers) to go with deep- banding of P and K, numerous questions remain about fertilizer rates, optimum deep-banding depth and frequency, whether to have ... |
29. Fertilizer Placement with Seed - A Decision AidBanding fertilizers with the seed at planting con tinues to be a popular option with producers in the Great Plains and North Central regions of the U.S. However, seed-placed fertilizer may limit germination/emergence of the seed/seedling. Nutrie nt source and rate are two factors affecting injury that are relatively simple to manage. Unfortunately, many crop producers and advisors have few rate guidelines for the many crop by fer tilizer combinations that are common to the region. The objectives... |
30. Field Measurements of Nitrous Oxide Emissions across a Nitrogen Fertilizer Gradient for Corn Cropping SystemsSignificant reductions in nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions from corn (Zea maize L.) cropping systems may be possible by reducing N fertilizer i nputs with relatively little impact on crop grain yield or economic return. To te st this hypothesis, experiments we re conducted at 4 locations in corn production in Michigan in 2007. All sites were under a corn-soybean rotation. Prior to planting, six rates of urea fertilizer (0-200 lb ac -1) were broadcast and incorporated into four replicate plots (RCB... |
31. Improving Digital Soil Maps for Site-specific Soil Fertility Management Using Feature SelectionDigital soil mapping (DSM) has become an attractive option to manage site-specific soil fertility management thanks to its capabilities of creating highly accurate, fine-resolution (e.g., 3 m) soil maps with uncertainty measures associated with soil property predictions. One approach to making soil maps with geospatial technologies is to build statistical models using machine learning (ML) based on the relationships between environmental covariates (e.g., digital terrain attributes, satellite... C. Ferhatoglu, B.A. Miller |
32. In-Season Nitrogen Management for Corn ProductionWater quality impairment related to nitrogen (N) continues to be a concern in Iowa, including the nitrate drinking water standard, USEPA proposed surface water quality nutrient criteria, and the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia. Addressing these issues could include strict guidance for N input to corn and resultant N use practices that require very high level of management and risk, with unknown economic consequences. Rate of N application is an important ma nagement factor in corn production related to n... |
33. Individual Leaf Selection to Best Represent Whole-plant Nutrient Status in Modern Corn Cropping SystemsIn modern corn cropping systems, fertilization is often required to maintain plant health. Tissue sampling is commonly utilized to evaluate plant nutrient status and determine fertilizer treatment needs. Recommendations exist on which partition/leaf to select for accurate representation of the whole-plant. Recommendations change with growth stage, suggesting to sample the whole-plant at early-vegetative stages, the top-collared leaf at late-vegetative stages, and the ear-leaf during repr... B. Hanson |
34. Integrated and Impactful Research and Extension Through Digital On-farm ResearchAdvancements in digital agriculture tools have increased the scale and complexity of agricultural challenges which can be addressed through on-farm research. On-farm research has the potential to center farmers in the discovery and innovation process and integrate the research, extension and teaching missions of the university. Synergistic partnerships with industry advance technology adoption. Thompson will discuss the opportunities to leverage the changing landscape of on-farm experimentati... L. Thompson |
35. Landscape Position Affects Management Decisions for Crop ProductionLandscape attributes including topographic positions, slope, curvature, elevation, water flow direction and water flow accumulation are well documented in the literature for their effects on crop productivity. Topography influences crop growth and yield by impacting water and nutrient movement in the soil. Under dryland crop production systems, water availability generally depends on topsoil depth, soil organic matter, and curvature of the micro-topography. To improve overall productivity of ... G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
36. Lower Soil Test P Values Do Not Affect Crop Yield Values when Under Conservation PracticesSustainable P management in cropping systems is a challenge in modern agriculture. Phosphorus moving from agricultural fields to aquatic ecosystems resulting in eutrophication and other water quality problems continues to be a challenging issue for the agricultural community to solve. Despite the large amount of P in agricultural soils, most P is held within insoluble complexes, making this pool of P unavailable to plants. The implementation of conservation practices of no-till and high resid... C. Winter, D. Clark, S. Ireland, D. Beck |
37. Management of Enhanced EfficiencyFertilizersPhosphorus generally occurs in soils as the anions H 2PO4- or HPO4-2, depending on the soil pH. These anions readily react with soil cations su ch as calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum to produce various phosphate compounds of limited wate r solubility. Crop recovery of applied P fertilizer can be quite low during the season of application. Specialty Fertilizer Products 1 has developed and patented a family of dicarboxylic co-polymers that can be used as a coating on granular or mixed into l... |
38. Managing Trade-offs of Winter Rye As a Cover CropWinter rye (Secal cereale L.) is a commonly used cover crop in Wisconsin due to its effectiveness in reducing soil erosion, scavenging nitrogen, and improving soil health. However, the potential trade-offs of using grass cover crops are decreases in corn yield driven by nitrogen uptake and immobilization. The study aims to determine the single year effect of rye seeding rate on rye biomass and optimum nitrogen rate of the subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) crop, while a... M. Schauer, M. Ruark |
39. Manure Application Technology and Impact on Nitrogen DynamicsA field study was carried out ne ar Elora, Ontario to assess the impact of manure application timing and method on ammonia volatilization a nd nitrogen availability to the crop. A novel method was developed and calibrated for quan tifying ammonia volatilization using passive dosimeter tubes, which promises to provide an economical alternative to other methods. Ammonia loss was negligible from injected manure treatments, and when manure was incorporated immediately it had smaller losses th an wh... |
40. N, S and Micronutrient (B + Zn) Interactions in Soft Red Winter Wheat NutritionThis work is intended to answer certain questions that result from the implementation of a multi-element wheat nutrition program. Nitrogen rate is a fundamental driver of wheat yield and quality. However, the impact/value of S or the micronutrients, which are likely components of a more integrated wheat nutrient management program, is not clear.The main study design included 4 rates of N (40, 80, 120 and 160 lb N/acre), 2 rates of S (0 and 10 lb S/acre), and 2 rates of the micronutrient &lsqu... J. Grove, E. Ritchey, J. Shockley |
41. Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in a Long-term Research TrialIn 1993, a long term crop rotation study (The Living Field Laboratory) was initiated at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI, designed to investigate the benefits of cover crops in various integrated systems compared to a conventional system without cover crops. Today, with the rising cost of production (i.e. energy and fertiliz er) and continued environmental concerns, there are strong incentives for corn pr oducers to accurately assess N requirements and improve fertilizer ... |
42. Nitrogen Recalibration for Wheat in North DakotaThe general formula for determining N fertilizer ra te in North Dakota for about thirty-five years has been N-rate = (2.5 X Yield Potential (or Yield G oal) less credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate-N from a 2-foot soil core composite. Historically high fertilizer N costs and the ability to fertilize within fiel ds rather than whole field N management has resulted in a reexamination of N calibration data, and an effort to expand the modern N calibration database with new field exper... |
43. NUE in Practice: Will N-efficient Corn Hybrids Sell?Efficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is becomi ng increasingly important in corn production due to rising N fertilizer prices and growing concer ns about N contamination of ground and surface waters. Seed companies are also beginning to develop hybrids with N use efficiency (NUE) improved through trait introduction. The introduc tion of such hybrids will bring new questions about the value of higher NUE, and about risk ma nagement associated with decreasing, or not increasing, N use rates as... |
44. Pelleted Lime Application Strategies for Iowa Corn and Soybean ProductionResearch has shown inconsistent results about the efficiency of pelleted lime at increasing soil pH or crop yield compared with aglime. Our previous Iowa research (2015-2016) showed that pelleted lime manufactured with limestone from northern Iowa quarries attained maximum soil pH with the same rate and at the same time than finely ground calcium carbonate, but more time was needed for aglime. However, there were no yield differences between the sources for corn-soybean rotations when one-tim... A.P. Mallarino, M.U. Haq |
45. Plant Population Influences on Maize Physiological Responses to Nitrogen ApplicationPast genetic improvements in maize ( Zea mays L.) have led to the creation of modern hybrids that are increasingly tolerant to a variety of stresses and, in particular, to high plant populations. However, high plant densities can adversely a ffect overall grain yield due to greater intra- specific (within species) competition for lim iting resources. This competition increases barrenness and plant-to-plant variability for grain yield (GY CV) and other morpho-physiological traits. In this study, ... |
46. Practical Farmers of Iowa On-farm Research ProgramPractical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) has been leading and conducting on-farm research since 1987. The organization has staff scientists to help design experiments based on questions from participating farmers. Farmers are cooperators in research and they often collaborate with other farmers on the same project. Ideas for projects are considered at the annual Cooperators’ Meeting in December each year. Cooperators describe what was done on their farm, why they did it, and what they found. The... S. Gailans |
47. Predicting Relative Yield of Corn in Indiana Using an Active SensorFine-tuning N fertilization is important for impr oving the economic and environmental impact of corn production. This importance is highlighted by ever rising fertilizer prices and increased public scrutiny. Reflectance measurements usi ng an active sensor during the growing season may be useful for determining the need for additio nal N. This is the second year of a multi-year study to evaluate canopy reflectanc e as an N management tool across a variety of Indiana soil types. The objectives o... |
48. Promoting Adoption of Precision Nitrogen Management Technologies Through On-farm ResearchThe Nebraska On-Farm Research Network helps farmers evaluate products and practices that impact the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of their operations. There are many technologies that have potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) on corn and winter wheat but typically these technologies have low adoption. At the same time, farmers have technologies such as GPS, yield monitors, and variable-rate application equipment on their farmers that enables them to easily con... L. Thompson, L. Puntel, T. Mieno, J. Iqbal, B. Maharjan, J. Luck, S. Norquest, J. Guilherme cesario pereira pinto, C. Uwineza |
49. Skip-Row Configuration and Plant Density Effects on Sorghum Grain Yield and Yield Component in Southern NebraskaEqual spacing of sorghum rows typically results in the highest grain yield when soil water is adequate throughout the season, but skip-row plan ting may be a means to reduce water deficits during reproductive growth stages. We evaluated the effect of skip-row planting configuration and plant population density on grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency at five locations in a transect across southern Nebras ka where annual mean precipitation ranges from 300 to 900 mm yr -1. Three r... |
50. Soil pH and Manganese Effects on Roundup Ready SoybeansSoybean 'flas'h is a general yellowing of th e upper soybean canopy thought to be associated with high rates of glyphosate and reduced levels of manganese (Mn) with glyphosate-resistant soybeans. Several field sites varying in soil Mn levels and some with within field variable pH levels were evaluated between 2004 and 2006 for re sponsiveness of soybeans to glyphosate rate and Mn treatments. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the effects of foliar applied Mn and soil applied Mn on ... |
51. Soybean Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Production As Affected by Starter Fertilizer, Nitrogen Application, and Planting DateMichigan spring weather variabilities and earlier planting dates may provide opportunities for starter fertilizer to influence early season soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) dry matter production while simultaneously decreasing the time interval for nutrient accumulation. However, potential fertilizer impacts on inhibition of biological N fixation (BNF) are not well understood. Field studies established near Lansing, MI examined soybean total dry matter accumulation (TDM), nodulation, ... K. Steinke, S. Soat |
52. Sustainable Vegetable Crop Production Using Vermi-CompostThis research intends to utili ze earthworm castings as an alternate nutrient source, especially nitrogen, for vegetable crop production. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and 'Mountain Fresh' tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was used as the test crop. The main objectives were (1) to identify the optimum app lication rate of earthworm castings (EC) for tomato growth, and (2) to compare tomato res ponse under different treatments. Three different textural soils, namely sandy s... |
53. Swine Manure Applications for Soybean Production - Environnmental and Pathological ImplicationsSoybeans are leguminous plant sp ecies capable of fixing nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere to support their growth and development. Despite th e fact that soybeans can fix their own N, in a soil environment rich in inorgani c N they will scavenge for available N decreasing the level of root nodulation (Schmidt et al., 2000; Hester man and Isleib, 1991). Studies conducted to measure the impact of N fertilization of soybean s reveals that crop response to commercial N fertilizer does not result in ... |
54. The Ammonia RainbowAgriculture has been identified as a major contributor to atmospheric carbon dioxide with nitrogen fertilizer production as a key component. Recent scrutiny of nitrogen production processes has identified ammonia production processes to reduce carbon output from traditional Haber-Bosch processes. These different ammonia production processes are often described with color descriptions to designate the processes used and qualitatively identify their carbon footprint, such as “green ... A. Blaylock |
55. Triple-Stacks, Genetics, and Biotechnology in Improving Nitrogen Use of CornGenetic improvement in N use efficiency (NUE) is a clear strategy fo r enhancing yield and fertilizer N management of corn ( Zea mays L.), and has been the subj ect of our ongoing research. Calculation of the N requirement (N fertilizer usage/grain yield) based on statewide average grain yields and fertilizer sales shows a stead y decrease since the mid 1980's, suggestive of a genetic improvement in N use. Direct comparis on of the response to N for a 1980�۪s hybrid with its modern counterpar... |
56. Updating Phosphorus Recommendations for IllinoisIllinois soil phosphorus (P) recommendations are outdated and make use of concepts such as soil P supply power are outdated. This 2022 Illinois State Report provides a summary and outlook on key considerations for P recommendations that may be instructive to other North Central states. ... A. Margenot |
57. Updating Soil-test Phosphorus and Potassium Calibrations for WisconsinEffective soil-test interpretations and fertilizer recommendations require phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil test to be field correlated with crop yield response to fertilization and calibrated to identify response probabilities. Only the Bray-1 soil test is calibrated to provide P and K interpretation guidelines in Wisconsin, with supporting trials being over 30 years old. This study correlated the P extracted by the Bray-1 (BP), Mehlich-3, Olsen-P (OP), and H3A tests and K extracted by ... C.A. Laboski, F.J. Arriaga, J.D. Jones |
58. Using Reflectance Sensors to Predict Nitrogen Needs of CottonObjectives 1) Develop on-the-go N recommendations based on analysis of the reflectance sensor readings. 2) Determine the sensor model, height, and wa velength that give the best prediction for sidedress N. 3) Determine the best growth stag e for sensor-based sidedressing Relevance There is great spatial variability of N in the soil. Cotton fields that receive a blanket rate of nitrogen, ignoring the vari ability, will have areas of excessi ve growth. This unnecessary growth raises production cos... |
59. Utilizing Fertilizer and Fungicide Strategies to Enhance Winter Wheat Grain and Straw ProductionThe establishment and overwintering success of Michigan winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) are often determining yield factors but identifying both autumn and in-season practices that may enhance yield and economic return can be difficult. Additional demand for straw has growers considering inputs that may not only affect grain yield potential but also overall biomass production and serve as another means to improve profitability. Recent research has documented significant grain and ... K. Steinke, L. Suplito, M. Chilvers |
60. Value of Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates for Corn ProductionMost N recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) production in the U.S. Midwest do not consider tillage as a factor when an appropriate N rate is determined. Our objectives were to determine the response of grain yield and RTN to increasing rates of fertilizer N for corn grown in three tillage systems. Tillage by N rate experiments we re conducted at eight Central Illinois site-years at three locations and years (1998-2000). Tillag e systems employed were: zero-till, where no tillage was performed ... |
61. Versatility of Mycorrhizal Fungi Applications to Increase Maize ProductivityWith rising fertilizer prices and continual water contamination issues, it is vital to establish management factors that maximize productivity, while minimizing nutrient losses to the environment. One potential practice for improving nutrient use and grain yields includes utilizing mycorrhizal fungi. The objectives of this research were to determine the efficacy of various mycorrhiza applications on root colonization and the subsequent grain yield responses of maize (Zea mays... L. Woodward, F. Below |
62. What Soil Measurements Relate Best to Corn Economic Optimal N Rate?The use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical for optimizing corn (Zea mays L.) yield. However, improper applications can reduce fertilizer efficiency, create environmental issues, and reduce grower profits. The N cycle is largely affected by biological processes. Therefore, the inclusion of biological soil tests alone or in combination with other soil chemical and physical properties may enable us to improve the accuracy of corn N fertilizer needs to optimize yield. From 2018-2021,... J. Clark, P. Kovacs, A. Bly, A. Ahlersmeyer |