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1. Starter Fertilizer Interactions with Corn HybridsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the response of corn hybrids grown in a dryland, no-tillage production system on a soil high in available phosphorus to starter fertilizer. Treatments were corn hybrids (5 in 1993 and 6 in 1994) grown with or without starter fertilizer. Starter fertilizer (30 Ib N and 30 Ib P,O,) was applied 2 inches to the side and 2 inches below the seed at planting. Nitrogen was balanced on all plots to give a total of 180 IbIA. Bray-I P level in the experimental area... |
2. Manure Management Practices to Limit Nutrient Loss from Frozen Agricultural FieldsManure applied to crop areas can be an importa nt source of plant nutrients for crop production and may improve soil quality. Relatively small amounts of nutrients especially phosphorus (P) from manure reaching water bodies can signifi cantly increase eutrophication and impair water quality. Most recommendations indicate not to apply manure to fro zen soils because the risk of nutrient loss to surface water may be increased. Our research objective was to determine the influence of manure application... |
3. Re-Evaluating Rate, Time, and Placement of Urea and Other Nitrogen Sources in MinnesotaUrea is increasingly an important nitrogen (N) source in Minnesota. Approximately 43% of our farmers use urea as their major N source. In the southwestern, south-central and west-central areas approximately 45% of the N is applied in the fall, 50% is applied in the spring, and 5% is applied at sidedress. While most of those that use urea as the major N source apply it in the spring, approximately 4% do the major application with urea in the fall and there are others that apply some of their N... F. Fernandez, K. Fabrizzi, J. Vetsch, D. Kaiser |
4. 4R Nutrient Management for Corn Production on Upper Midwest SoilsCorn (Zea mays L.) demand for nitrogen (N) is often met using inorganic fertilizer on Upper Midwest soils. While applying the right rate of fertilizer N normally has the greatest impact on yield and N use efficiency (NUE), selection of the right fertilizer source, placement, and application timing can fine-tune rate recommendations, improve NUE by matching soil N availability to corn demand, and minimize loss to the environment. Given the diversity of corn production environments, the... J. Spackman, F. Fernandez, K. Fabrizzi |
5. Nitrogen Source and Application Timing to Improve Corn Yield and Reduce Nitrate in Tile-Drain WaterNitrogen (N) fertilizer is among the most important inputs for corn because of this crop’s large N requirements. When N fertilizer applications exceed crop needs, that N can be lost to the environment or be incorporated into the soil organic matter Many farmers in the US Midwest install subsurface drainage to remove excess water from the soil. The drained water leached from the farms contains nitrate-N (NO3), which poses risks to surface waters. Midwest agriculture has... S. Menegaz, F. Fernandez |
6. Grid Soil Sample Interpolation Using Geographicaly Weighted Regression and Random ForestSoil sampling is useful in agriculture for setting fertilizer application rates. High density soil samples can also be used for variable rate seeding and other precision agriculture applications. Half-acre grid soil samples were collected from 6 soybean fields, and phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and organic matter (OM) were measured. Each soil parameter was interpolated for each field, with terrain attributes as covariates, using two different methods: geographically weighted regression (GWR)... E. Matcham, S. Subburayalu, J. Fulton, E. Hawkins, P. Paul, L. Lindsey |
7. Nitrogen Management in Minnesota as Influenced by Soil Drainage and TillageTile-draining, conventional tillage and pre-plant applications of nitrogen (N) fertilizer are prevalent practices among Minnesota corn growers. However, climate change and increasingly warmer and wetter spring conditions have called for a re- evaluation of the appropriateness of these practices for continued sustainable corn production. The objectives of this study are to determine the influence of drainage, tillage and N application timing on (1) corn grain yield and N uptake, (2) corn N demand... G. Paiao, F. Fernandez |
8. Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Effects on Mitigating Soil Nitrate Leaching in Irrigated Sandy Soils in Corn and Soybean ProductionCoarse textured soils are very productive when supplemented with irrigation and nitrogen (N); however, they are susceptible to nitrate (NO3–N) leaching. Nitrate leaching not only reduces fertilizer efficiency but has costly environmental impacts to the groundwater supply. The majority of NO3–N loss occurs in the fall and spring or when nutrient and water uptake from corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr. L.) is limited but precipitation is frequent.... N. Ricks, F. Fernandez |
9. Active-Optical Reflectance Sensing Evaluated for Red and Red-Edge Waveband SensitivityUncertainty exists with corn (Zea mays L.) N management due to year-to-year variation in crop N need, soil N supply, and N loss from leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Active-optical reflectance sensing (AORS) has proven effective in some fields for generating N fertilizer recommendations that improve N use efficiency. However, various sensors utilize different wavebands of light to calculate N fertilizer recommendations making it difficult to know which waveband is most sensitive... G. Bean, N. Kitchen, J. Camberato, R. Ferguson, F. Fernandez, D. Franzen, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, P. Scharf, J. Schepers, J. Shanahan |
10. Do Split-Nitrogen Applications in the Midwest Affect Corn Nitrogen Uptake and Grain Yield?It is hypothesized that split-nitrogen (N) relative to single near-planting applications improve corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency, which can lessen environmental impacts of fertilization. However, these hypotheses have not been fully tested. A 49-site-year study across eight US Midwestern states over three years was conducted to compare near-planting (Single) and split-N (Split) applications. Three N application timings were evaluated [Single near planting, 40... J. Clark, F. Fernandez, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R. Ferguson, D. Franzen, N. Kitchen, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
11. Can a Winter Rye Cover Crop Mitigate Nitrate Leaching from Corn Production on Irrigated Coarse Textured Soils?Minnesota has approximately 500,000 acres of irrigated coarse textured soils. These soils are very productive but are highly vulnerable to nitrate (NO --N) leaching and ground water contamination. In these soils, most of the NO --N leaching losses take place in early spring and late fall, when precipitation is high and crops have limited water and nutrient uptake. The objectives of this study are 1) quantify the capacity of rye (Secale cereal L.) as a cover crop to mitigate... N. Ricks, F. Fernandez, J. Baker |
12. The Anaerobic Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen Test as a Tool for Nitrogen Management in the MidwestThe anaerobic potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMNan) test is a tool that can improve estimations of mineralizable nitrogen (N) and enhance nitrogen use efficiency. This tool may also help improve predictions of N uptake, grain yield, and the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) of corn (Zea mays L.). A 32 site-year study across eight US Midwestern states was conducted to 1) compare the effect of incubation length (7-, 14-, 28-d), soil sampling timing, N fertilizer rate, and their... J. Clark, K. Sloan veum, F. Fernandez, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R. Ferguson, D. Franzen, N. Kitchen, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
13. In-Season Soil Nitrogen as a Predictor of Corn Grain YieldCorn (Zea mays L.) grain yield is closely linked to plant available soil nitrogen (N). Our objectives were to (i) examine the influence of N rate, source, and time of application on N use efficiency with relation to grain yield and total plant N uptake, and (ii) evaluate in-season soil N testing as a tool to determine N rate needs and predict grain yield. During the 2014-2015 growing seasons, 12 fields across Minnesota varying in soil and climate conditions received 1) pre-plant urea (0 to 204... J. Spackman, F. Fernandez |
14. Nitrogen source and application timing for corn to mitigate leaching and gaseous N lossesNitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for corn, but N fertilizers are associated with contamination of surface waters through leaching and gas emissions through denitrification and volatilization. A comprehensive N loss study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center (SWROC) in Lamberton, MN from 2014 to 2020. The objectives were to quantify the effects of traditional (pre-plant urea) and advanced N management practices (split-N applications and... |
15. Soil and Soybean Responses to Planting into Terminated Prairie StripsPrairie strips are a new conservation practice that are currently implemented in 14 Midwest US states. Prairie strips have been shown to reduce runoff, increase soil health, retain sediment and nutrients, increase biodiversity and have no effect on surrounding crop yield. Due to the comprehensive improvements to soil health under prairie strips, researchers and growers are interested in rotating them on 10-15 year cycles. We have little-to-no knowledge on the effects of planting crops in... C. Dutter, M. St cyr, M. Mcdaniel, C. Carley, A. Singh |