Proceedings
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1. Phosphorus Placement and Tillage Effects on Corn and Soil P LevelsIncreasing crop production costs have producers scrambling to gain the greatest efficiency possible from added fertilizers. A field study was conducted at two locations in southern Illinois is assess the effect of phosphorus (P) rates and placement methods on yield and P uptake by corn under no-till (NT) and conventional (chisel and disk) tillage (CT) systems. Phosphorus rates consisted of 0, 20, and 40 pounds P205/Ac with placement methods of surface broadcast, dribble and 2x2 at planting. After... |
2. Effects of Residue Density Levels on the Response of No-till Corn to N Fertilizers and InhibitorsExperiments were conducted from 1989-91 at tho southern Illinois locatio~ls (~elle\?ille and Car*bcrndale) to evaluate the effect of residue levels un the perfor-mance of N fertilizers, urease inhibitors, and placenient on the response of no-till conl. Levels of 0, 50, 100, and 200 percent of existing (pre-plant) amounts were established in the crop residues of previous corn. Kitrogen fertilizers were urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution (dribble, injection. and split-applied) and urea (broadcast-applied).... |
3. Returning Conservation Reserve Program Land to Crop Production: Weed Management ConsiderationsThe conservation reserve program (CRP) was formulated in the 1985 Food Security Act and established to help prevent soil erosion on more than one third of the crop acres in the United States (USDA, 1986). Soil erosion represents the greatest threat in agriculture to the environment. Nationally, an estimated 750,000,000 tons of soil have been conserved as a result of CRP representing an estimated annual savings of $2 billion in off-farm clearing of eroded soil. Other benefits of CRP wildlife enhancement,... |
4. Effect of Potassium Rates and Placement on Soil Test Variability Across Tillage SystemsExperiments were conducted from 1994 through 1996 at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center and the Belleville Research Center to evaluate K rates (60, 120, and 180 Ib KzO per acre) and placement methods in a corn and soybean rotation using chisel tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) practices. Four placement methods were used: surface broadcast, dribble, 10-inch wide surface band over each row, and banding 30 Ibs K20 per acre 2 inches to the side and 2 inches below the planted seed (remainder of the K rate... |
5. Tillage and Potassium Effects on Potassium use Efficiency in a Corn-Soybean RotationA field study was conducted from 1994 through 1996 at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center @SAC) on a Bonnie sil soil and at the SlU Belleville Research Center (BRC) on a Herrick sil soil. No-till (NT) and spring chisel tillage (CT) systems were compared in a corn-soybean rotation. Within each tillage system, potassium (K) rates of 60, 120 and 180 Ib K20 per acre were combined with four placement methods that included surface broadcast, 10-inch surface band over the intended row, surface dribble... |
6. Assessing the Variability of Corn Response to NitrogenBecause results of experiments designed to test the response of corn to N rate tend to vary considerably with the environment. repetitions of such studies over time are essential. It is not clear, however, what number of repetitions are needed in order to deduce sound recommendations for application of N fertilizer to succeeding crops. We used the results from 16 years of a crop rotation x N rate study conducted at Monmouth, Illinois to assess the effect of duration of such an experiment on the stability... |
7. Evaluation of Nitrogen Management Practices in No-till Corn ProductionExperiments were conducted fiom 1995 to 1998 at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center of the University of Illinois and the Belleville Research Center of Southern Illinois University to evaluate agronomically and economically several nitrogen (N) management options, including the use of the urease inhibitor Agrotaii, in no-till corn production. Compared in these studies were N sources (urea, UAN, ammonium nitrate, and anhydrous ammonia), placement (dribble vs. broadcast for surface-applied N and... |
8. Site Specific Nitrogen and Irrigation Management Across Nebraska Agro-ecological ZonesNitrogen leaching below hrrow irrigated ground has caused nitrate contamination in Nebraska's groundwater. Alternate row irrigation and alternate row nitrogen fertilization is proposed as a method to decrease water use and decrease nitrogen leaching. Nitrogen was applied at a uniform and variable rates based on spring grid sampling for nitrate and soil organic matter. The experiment was conducted at three sites in Nebraska that represent a range of growing conditions. At these sites the average growing... |
9. Field Scale Evaluation of Innovative N Management Systems for CornPrevious research has shown that N fertilizer need for corn can vary widely, both between fields and within fields. Producers, however, almost always apply the same N fertilizer rate to whole fields, and vary N fertilizer rates minimally if at all over whole farms. Matching N fertilizer rates more closely to N needs could produce both economic and environmental benefits. Our objective is to test a range of innovative N management systems for their ability to match N rate recommendations to N needs... |
10. Site-Specific Nitrogen and Irrigation Management Across Nebraska Agro-Ecological ZonesNitrogen leaching below hrrow-irrigated ground has caused nitrate contamination in Nebraska's groundwater. Alternate row hrrow irrigation and alternate row nitrogen fertilization is proposed as a method to decrease water use and decrease nitrogen leaching. Nitrogen (N) was applied at a uniform and variable rate based on spring grid sampling for nitrate. The experiment was conducted at three sites in Nebraska that represent a range of growing conditions. At these sites, the average growing degree-days... |
11. Soil and Site Factors Responsible for Yield Variations in Two Southern Illinois Farm FieldsYield variability within a field is largely influenced by the soil physical. chemical. and topographic features of that field. On-farm field research studies were conducted from 1997 through 1999 on two southern Illinois farm fields (one in Jefferson County and the other in Pope County) with varying soil physical, chemical, and topographic features to determine which factors most influenced crop yield variability. Each location was GPS-gridded utilizing a grid cell size of 0.45 acres. Detailed topographic... |
12. Soil pH and Corn-Soybean Rotation Yield Responses to Limestone Applications and TillageFarmers growing corn and soybean in northwest Iowa must carefully consider liming needs and economics. This is because of high liniestone material cost and the fact that soils in northwest Iowa have high pH subsoil, which can moderate negative effects of acid surface soils. Another factor that must be considered is the variable effect from limestone mixing depth associated with different tillage systems. An experiment designed to evaluate six rates of aglime (0 to 6,000 Iblacre of effective calcium... |
13. The Influence of Variably Applied Potassium Fertilizer on Yield Variations in Two Southern Illinois Farm FieldsThe basis of Variable Rate Technology (VRT) is to apply nutrients where they are needed and to reduce the application of nutrients where they are not needed. However, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether the variable application of nutrients to farmers fields should be on the basis of soil test levels or yield potentials. A field study was conducted at two locations in southern Illinois from 1997 to 1999 to evaluate VRT as a management tool for corn and soybean production on fields with... |
14. The Effect of Tillage and Lime Rate on Soil Acidity and Grain Yields of a Corn-Soybean RotationModern tillage systems, such as reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, provide shallow incorporation of surface applied materials at best. Because of concern of over-liming the surface few inches of agricultural soils, producers either reduce lime rates (and apply more often) or perform some sort of soil inversion to mix the lime deeper into the soil profile. The objectives ofthis field study were to evaluate the effects of tillage, lime rate and time of limestone application on corn and soybean... |
15. The Illinois Nitrogen Soil TestNitrogen fertilizer recommendations for corn production are often estimated on the basis of a realistic yield goal, with adjustments to allow for N credits fiom other sources, such as legumes or manure. A yield-based recommendation may have merit on a long-term basis. but under- or over- fertilization is apt to occur in any given growing season since soil N availability is not taken into account. Insufficient application of N can have serious economic consequences for the farmer, whereas excessive... |
16. Update on the Illinois N TestEstimation of plant-available N is complicated enormously by the dynamic nature of soil N, owing largely to the effects of temperature and moisture supply on N-cycle processes. Numerous biological and chemical methods have been proposed as an index of soil N availability (Brernner, 1965; Keeney, 1982; Stanford, 1982; Bundy and Meisinger, 1994), but none has been adopted widely for soil testing. Biological methods are necessarily time-consuming because of the need for incubation, and the results represent... |
17. Varying Nitrogen and Seeding Rates of Corn Across Productivity Regions in FieldsA field study was conducted fiom 1999 to 2001 to determine the effects of variable seeding rates and variable nitrogen rates on corn (Zeu muys L.) in southern Ihois. In whole field experiments, variable seeding rates ranging fiom 18,000 to 38,000 seeds ac-' in 4.000 seed increments were planted in randomized strips (in a randomized complete block design) across the field that had soils with varying productivity based upon historical yield maps. From the yield data it was determined that the optimum... |
18. Corn Nitrogen Response Across Environments and Crop RotationRecent research on corn has tended to show variability in N response. Brown et al. (1993) reported that economically optimal N rates among 77 sites in Illinois ranged from zero to more than 200 lb N per acre. Results from other studies show similar variability in time and space. Even with such variability, results over environments have been combined and used to develop an N fertilizer rate guideline in Illinois based on anticipated corn yield (Hoeft and Peck, 2002). This guideline suggests providing... |
19. Providing Flexibility in P and K RecommendationsHistorically, land grant Universities have generally provided a single rate recommendation for nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Depending on the particular University in question, these nutrient rate recommendations are generally based on two widely recognized approaches to managing soil and fertilizer P and K - the nutrient sufficiency approach and the build-maintenance approach. The goal of a nutrient sufficiency based soil fertility program is to apply just enough P andior K... |
20. Using Historical Yield Patterns in Fields as a Management Tool to Variably Apply NitrgenIn whole field studies in southem Illinois a uniform rate of N application was compared with variably applied rates of N based upon historical crop yields for each field. The fields used were partitioned in "low". "medium", and "high" zones of productivity depending upon the normalized yield of the preceding 5 to 10 years of crops grown. Two formulas were used to variably apply nitrogen. One formula (VRN-One) calculated a N rate that favored more fertilizer in "high" productivity regions and less... |
21. Utilizing Inhibitor Technology to reduce Ammonia Volatilization Losses from Urea Sources Applied to Conservation TillageA severe limitation to urea fertilizers and the ureacomponent in livestock wastes is the high potential for volatile loss of nitrogen (N) as ammonia. Losses are especially severe when the urea-containing materials are surface applied with no or only limited subsequent incorporation. Extensive losses are also observed when urea is applied to warm soils that are moist and undergoing rapid drylng. Soil pH, the presence of an active microbial population, and soil texture are also known to impact volatilization... |
22. Corn Response to Anhydrous Ammonia rate, Timing, and Inhibitor use: A RevisitationField experiments were conducted from 2001 through 2003 at three southern Illinois locations to obtain more current data on the effects of anhydrous ammonia rates. application timing, and nitrapyrin (N-Serve) use on corn. Nitrogen rates of 0. 60, 120, and 180 lbs Nlac \\ere evaluated at three times of application (fall, spring pre-plant, and sidedress) with and without nitrapqrin. Corn yield results suggest that fall anhydrous ammonia application is inferior to spring application even if nitrapyrin... |
23. Managing Continuous Corn for High YieldsMany "contest-winning" corn yields have historically been produced in fields where corn is grown continuously, often with extensive tillage, hgh soil test values of P and K, high N rates, and high plant populations. We are conducting a series of research trials at four sites in Illinois, in whlch we are varying tillage, fertilizer rates, and plant population in a factorial experiment at several Illinois locations. Over ten site-years to date, tillage deeper than normal increased yield at two site-years.... |
24. Periodic Deep Tillage of No-till Corn and Soybean Systems in Southern IllinoisLow organic matter and low available moisture supplying soils in southern Illinois lend themselves to no-tillage crop production, but concern about compaction and rooting depth have led some to employ the use of periodic tillage. A field study was conducted at two locations in southern Illinois between 2000 and 2006 to evaluate the effects of periodic deep tillage (ripping 16-18 inches [40-45 cm] with minimum surface disturbance style shanks) prior to corn or soybean production. Deep tillage occurring... |
25. Soil pH and Manganese Effects on Roundup Ready SoybeansSoybean 'flas'h is a general yellowing of th e upper soybean canopy thought to be associated with high rates of glyphosate and reduced levels of manganese (Mn) with glyphosate-resistant soybeans. Several field sites varying in soil Mn levels and some with within field variable pH levels were evaluated between 2004 and 2006 for re sponsiveness of soybeans to glyphosate rate and Mn treatments. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the effects of foliar applied Mn and soil applied Mn on yiel... |
26. Recoverable Yield: A New Component for Improving Algorithms Used For Sensor Based Nitrogen Management In WheatIncreased interest in N management over the past decade has stimulated interest in using optical sensors to predict N needs in a number of crops. Many universities have created N recommendation algorithms for winter wheat, with slightly differing approaches. While many university algorithms operate under the assumption that 100% of the yield potential difference between the N rich strip and the farmer practice can be recovered, we believe that this will not always be possible. The objective of this... |
27. Corn Hybrids With Contrasting Root Systems: Response To Soil And Fertilizer PhosphorusWith current corn genetic improvements for water-limited scenarios, root system architecture and growth are being considered which may affect overall nutrient uptake particularly for immobile nutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant response and phosphorus uptake with contrasting, generally shallow and generally deep rooted corn hybrids. Over the two years there were a total of seven sites, two sites in 2011 and five sites in 2012. The sites are all rain fed except for three sites... |
28. Considerations for Development of Optical Sensor Based Nitrogen Recommendation Algorithms for CornOptical sensor technology in Kansas has been used on winter wheat and grain sorghum with great success for predicting N fertilizer needs early in the growing season. However with both crops, there is a required minimum period of growth required before optical sensors can accurately detect N deficiencies. In both cases the target crop needs to have entered a period of vegetative growth where N uptake and utilization is increasing. In the case of wheat that generally corresponds to the Feekes 4 to... |
29. Can Soil Information Better Inform Canopy Sensor Algorithms for Corn?Corn production is often limited by the loss of nitrogen (N) due to leaching, volatilization and denitrification. The use of canopy sensors for making in-season N fertilizer applications has been proven effective in matching plant N requirements with periods of rapid N uptake (V7-V11), reducing the amount of N lost to these processes. However, N recommendation algorithms used in conjunction with canopy sensor measurements have not proven accurate in many fields of the U.S. Cornbelt, resulting in... , N.R. Kitchen, J. Camberato, P.R. Carter, R.B. Ferguson, F.G. Fernandez, D.W. Franzen, F.G. Fernandez, E.D. Nafziger, C.J. Ransom, , J. Shanahan, G.M. Bean |
30. Determining Cropping System and Topsoil Depth Effects on Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient DynamicsUnderstanding the effects of fertilizer addition and crop removal on long-term change in soil test phosphorus (STP) and soil test potassium (STK) is crucial for maximizing the use of grower inputs on claypan soils. Due to variable topsoil depth, nutrient supply from subsoils, and crop removal across fields, accurate P and K fertilizer management can be challenging. Current Missouri fertilizer recommendations rely on a single buffering capacity for all soils throughout the state for P, and are only... |
31. Which Corn Nitrogen Fertilization Rate Tools Preforms the Best in the Midwest?Publicly-available nitrogen (N) rate recommendation tools are utilized to help maximize yield in corn production. These tools often fail when N is over-applied and results in excess N being lost to the environment, or when N is under-applied and results in decreased yield and economic returns. Performance of a tool is often based on the specific soil and weather conditions of a growing season. Research is needed to determine which tools are the most effective at recommending economical optimal N... |
32. Nitrogen and Harvest Impact on Biomass Yield of Perennial Warm-season GrassesUncertainties of the supply of fossil fuels from finite resources and the negative environmental impacts of their use are the two major driving forces for the search of alternative burning fuels. Perennial warm-season grasses have drawn interest as bioenergy feedstocks due to the high yielding capacity with minimal amounts of inputs under a wide range of geography, and the capability to produce multiple environmental benefits. Nitrogen (N) fertility and harvest management are considered as critical... |
33. Topsoil Depth Influences Switchgrass Nitrogen Managment on Claypan SoilsSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an attractive forage or bioenergy crop option for eroded portions of claypan landscapes where grain crop production is marginally profitable. Topsoil depth to the claypan can vary widely within fields and little information exists on the impacts of the topsoil depth on nitrogen (N) management of switchgrass. Therefore, a study was initiated in 2009 at University of Missouri South Farm located near Columbia, MO on a site known as Soil Productivity Assessment for... |
34. Assessing the Benefits of Radish as a Cover CropOilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L) is a popular cover crop for no-till farmers in Wisconsin, especially among those that include winter wheat in rotation since radish can accumulate large amounts of nitrogen (N). However, previously presented research in Wisconsin has not shown a clear N credit for a subsequent corn crop. Additionally, there is a lack of information that quantifies other benefits of radish, including compaction reduction and nematode suppression. The objective of this project was... |
35. Assessing Nitrogen Management and Claypan Soil Variability Effects on Switchgrass using Reflectance SensingThe topsoil depth or depth to the claypan (DTC) can be highly variable across the landscape for some Midwest soils. This makes managing crops on these soils difficult because their productivity can be highly variable. In some ar eas of the landscape there can be no topsoil and leave the claypan exposed (e.g., side-slope) while in other areas it can be buried (e.g., toe-slope) (Kitchen et al., 1999). Due to the high variability of theses soils, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a potential problem... |
36. Integration of Ultrasonic and Active Canopy Sensors to Estimate the In-Season Nitrogen Content for CornThe objectives of this research were to: (i ) determine the correlation between active canopy sensor (ACS) assessments of N status and ultr asonic sensor measurements of canopy height at several growth stages for corn receiving varying am ounts of N, (ii) test the ability of both sensors to distinguish N-mediated differences in canopy development and (iii) test the integrated use of both sensors. This experiment was conducted with varying N rates in an existing long-term study and farmer's fields... |
37. Alternative Approaches to Making Fertilizer RecommendationsThe objective of this research project was to evaluate, both agronomically and economically. some common altcrnative methods of making fertilizer recornmcndations for corn, soybeans, and soft-red winter wheat used in Indiana. Over a period of six years ( 1992- 1997) the effect of seven alternative fertilizer recommendation philosophies on soil test levels, crop yields, plant tissue analysis, and fertilizer additions were measured in an attempt to determine differences in performance between these... |
38. Basic Concepts of Soil Acidity and LimingMost midwestern soils require periodic applications of aglitne or other liming materials for optimum crop production. Liming has several beneficial effects: I ) it reduces harmhl or potentially tosic conditions which can develop in acid soils; 2) it increases the availability of some of nutrients: 3) it replaces the supply of calcium and magnesium essential for plant growth which is depleted as soils become acid; 4) it ensures favorable conditions for the activity of certain herbicides; and 5) it... |
39. Effect of Nutrient Combinations and Nitrapyrin in Starters on CornExperiments were conducted from 1994 to 1996 at the Belleville Research Center of Southern Illinois Univerity and the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center of the University of Illinois to evaluate the effect of starter fertilizers. nitrapyrin (N-Serve) amendment of the starters, and tillage on conn. The soil at the Belleville site was an Iva silt loam, a low organic matter soil with relatively high P and K soil test levels. At Dixon Springs a Bonnie silt loam (bottomland) soil was used and the soil... |
40. Field Estimation of Ammonia Volatilization from Surface-applied UreaAccurate estimation of the potenial for NH3 volatilization from urea-based fertilizers is an important step in optimizing Nuse efficiency from these fertilizers. Published estimates of volatilization from surface-applied urea vary widely. Citations listing losses from 2% on up to 80% from various systems can be found. Consequently, many growers, to protect themselves, will apply urea at higher than recommended rates, assuming some arbitrary level of loss will occur. The objectives of the research... |
41. Can nitrogen application rate and timing management contribute to yield benefit in dryland winter wheat?Nitrogen (N) is a key component that affects grain yield and protein content in wheat. Optimizing fertilizer N application rate and time may contribute to an increased yield along with an adequate protein level. To evaluate the effects of different rates and application timing of N on grain yield and quality, a field study was carried out at four different locations across Nebraska (Mead, Grant, Sidney, and Scottsbluff) in 2018/19. At all locations, the experimental layout was split-plot randomized... D. Ghimire, B. Maharjan |
42. Cover Crops Influence Soil Health and Nutrient Cycling in a Multi-Location Study in South DakotaSoil without living roots potentially loses mobile nutrients and retains excess water. Unprotected soil degradation and erosion enable the loss of carbon and nutrient rich top soil. Cover crops provide armor for the soil protecting from carbon and nutrient loss. Cover crop blends may influence soil health parameters and nutrient cycling. This multi-locational study depicts the influence of cover crop species blends with varying grass and broadleaf concentrations on established soil-health indicators... D. Sanyal, J. Wolthuizen, D. Karki, J. Clark, A. Bly |
43. Does cover crop composition improve soil health and enhance nutrient availability to cash crops?Crop and livestock producers in South Dakota are showing greater interest in cover crops for the multidimensional benefits it can provide towards enhanced nutrient availability to the cash crops and livestock nutrition. Growers use different blends of grasses and broad leaves, mostly legumes and brassicas, as cover crops. We hypothesized that carbon and nitrogen ratio and fiber composition in those cover crop residues regulate the nutrient release, thus influence the processes regarding nutrient... D. Sanyal, A. Rahhal, H. Bielenberg, J. Clark, J. Wolthuizen, A. Bly |
44. Do cover crops improve soil health and enhance nutrient availability to cash crops?Bare soils are prone to erosion and lose soluble nutrients. Cover crops provide protection to the soil against erosion and nutrient loss. We hypothesized that the cover crops should uptake available nutrients from the soils in the fall when there is no cash crop, assimilate the nutrients in their tissues, and in the following spring, should release the nutrients back to the soil during the next cash crop growing season. In our study, we are quantifying the nutrients taken up by the cover crops... D. Sanyal, A. Rahhal, H. Bielenberg, J. Wolthuizen, J. Clark, A. Bly |
45. No-till and Cover Crops Influence Soil Health and Nitrogen Rate and Timing Recommendations: Early ResultsThe idea of improving soil health has become increasingly more talked about by researchers, agronomists, and farmers in the past five years. Management practices such as no- or reduced-tillage and planting cover crops are recommended to improve soil health because of their potential to improve organic matter and soil structure leading to a greater capacity to hold water and nutrients needed for plant growth. Research in South Dakota has been occurring these past two years to determine the influence... J.D. Clark, A. Bly, D. Karki, D. Sanyal, J. Wolthuizen, P. Kovacs |
46. Sidedressed swine manure slurry via dragline hose produces comparable corn grain yields as commercial fertilizersSpring in the upper Midwest can be short and often wet, providing challenges for producers to apply manure and plant crops in a timely manner to maximize yield. As a result, producers apply a significant amount of their manure in the fall after the crop is harvested. Fall applied manure has adequate time to mineralize and leave the root zone before next season’s crop can utilize the nutrients the following summer. These nutrients can end up in rivers and other freshwater bodies, decreasing... C. Pfarr, M. Wilson |
47. Use and Misuse of Aerial ImageryThroughout the 1990’s agricultural researchers were hitting the sky’s collecting untold amounts of spectral data. The majority of that push quieted down in the early 2000’s as scalability was a constant struggle. However, in the past few years the introduction of affordable and easy to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), more cost effective cameras, and significant increase in satellite constellations has reignited the interest in remote sensing that died out a decade... B. Arnall |
48. Soil Properties and Corn Yield as Effected by 70 year of Cattle Manure ApplicationLong-term experiments provide valuable information about the environment x agronomy interaction impacts on soil and crop productivity. The irrigated Knorr-Holden experimental site near Mitchell, Nebraska was established in 1912 and had a non- replicated unfertilized maize plot until 1941. In 1942 the plot was split into two manure treatments (0 and 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 cattle manure) with 0.04 ha each. In 1953, second replication was added using adjacent land. The same year, manure treatments... B. Maharjan |
49. Estimation of Nitrogen Losses from Char Amended Fertilized Soils: a Laboratory StudyMore than 50% of nitrogen (N) fertilizer added to agricultural soil is lost to the environment through volatilization, denitrification, and leaching. Proper management of soil carbon (C) may reduce N losses since soil C affects soil properties and N cycling. There are a wide range of soil C management practices, including direct addition of high C content materials to the soil. A 30-day laboratory study was conducted to evaluate effects of char on N losses from fertilized loam and sandy loam soils.... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
50. Side-dressing Nitrogen Influence on Nitrogen Release Dynamics of Early and Late-Terminated Cereal Cover CropTermination date and nitrogen application of corn (Zea mays L.) can influence the decomposition rate of cover crops in a corn cropping system. Our objective was to evaluate (i) the biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized with 34 kg N/ha and (ii) decomposition rate of wheat terminated early (4 weeks prior to planting) and late (at corn planting time) with and without side-dressing N at 168 kg N/ha. Our preliminary data... A. Sadeghpour, G. Singh, A. Weidhuner, R. Lange |
51. Active-Optical Reflectance Sensing Evaluated for Red and Red-Edge Waveband SensitivityUncertainty exists with corn (Zea mays L.) N management due to year-to-year variation in crop N need, soil N supply, and N loss from leaching, volatilization, and denitrification. Active-optical reflectance sensing (AORS) has proven effective in some fields for generating N fertilizer recommendations that improve N use efficiency. However, various sensors utilize different wavebands of light to calculate N fertilizer recommendations making it difficult to know which waveband is most sensitive... G. Bean, N. Kitchen, J. Camberato, R. Ferguson, F. Fernandez, D. Franzen, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, P. Scharf, J. Schepers, J. Shanahan |
52. Do Split-Nitrogen Applications in the Midwest Affect Corn Nitrogen Uptake and Grain Yield?It is hypothesized that split-nitrogen (N) relative to single near-planting applications improve corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency, which can lessen environmental impacts of fertilization. However, these hypotheses have not been fully tested. A 49-site-year study across eight US Midwestern states over three years was conducted to compare near-planting (Single) and split-N (Split) applications. Three N application timings were evaluated [Single near planting, 40... J. Clark, F. Fernandez, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R. Ferguson, D. Franzen, N. Kitchen, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
53. Integrating Management Zones and Canopy Sensing for Improved Nitrogen Recommendation AlgorithmsActive crop canopy sensors have been studied as a tool to direct spatially variable nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in maize, with the goal of increasing the synchrony between N supply and crop demand and thus improving N use efficiency (NUE). However, N recommendation algorithms have often proven inaccurate in certain subfield regions due to local spatial variability. Modifying these algorithms by integrating soil-based management zones (MZ) may improve their accuracy... J. Crowther, J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, T. Shaver, D. Krull, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, B. Krienke, T. Mieno, T. Ingram |
54. Effect Of High Carbon Char in Conjunction with Composted Manure and Urea on Corn YieldAn integrated approach to optimize fertilizer input through use of high carbon char (also called cinder), a by-product from a local industry in Western Nebraska, was set up for determination of optimal rate of char along with a given nitrogen (N) fertilizer or composted manure on corn (Zea mays L.) yield. Char is a potential soil amendment, since it contains around 30% total carbon (C) in addition to many essential plant nutrients. The experiment was started in 2016 in sandy loam... D. Panday, B. Maharjan |
55. Comparison of Ground-Based Active Crop Canopy Sensor and Aerial Passive Crop Canopy Sensor for In-Season Nitrogen ManagementCrop canopy sensors represent one tool available to help calculate a reactive in-season nitrogen (N) application rate in corn. When utilizing such systems, corn growers must decide between using active versus passive crop canopy sensors. The objectives of this study was to 1) determine the correlation between N management by remote sensing using a passive sensor and N management using proximal sensing with an active sensors. Treatments were arranged as field length strips in a randomized complete... J. Parrish, R. Ferguson, J. Luck, K. Glewen, L. Thompson, B. Krienke, N. Mueller, T. Ingram, D. Krull, J. Crowther, T. Shaver, T. Mieno |
56. The Anaerobic Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen Test as a Tool for Nitrogen Management in the MidwestThe anaerobic potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMNan) test is a tool that can improve estimations of mineralizable nitrogen (N) and enhance nitrogen use efficiency. This tool may also help improve predictions of N uptake, grain yield, and the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) of corn (Zea mays L.). A 32 site-year study across eight US Midwestern states was conducted to 1) compare the effect of incubation length (7-, 14-, 28-d), soil sampling timing, N fertilizer rate, and their... J. Clark, K. Sloan veum, F. Fernandez, J. Camberato, P. Carter, R. Ferguson, D. Franzen, N. Kitchen, C. Laboski, E. Nafziger, J. Sawyer, J. Shanahan |
57. Improving Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter Wheat Production in NebraskaWheat producers in Nebraska endured a significant loss in profit due to reduced grain protein in years that had wet springs such as in 2016 and 2017. Among many potential factors, soil nitrogen (N) is the most central factor that affects protein levels in wheat. To investigate the effect of N on wheat grain yield and protein content, field trials across the State were initiated in 2018. The specific objectives of the field study were to evaluate the effects of different N rates and application... |
58. Corn Yield Response to Sub-Surface Banded Starter Fertilizer in the U.S.Sub-surface fertilizer application at planting (i.e., starter fertilization) is a common practice in U.S. corn (Zea Mays L.) production to improve early-season nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and plant growth, especially under cool and moist spring soil conditions. However, yield increases from starter applications can vary across production systems and environments. Here, we use a meta-analysis approach to quantify and generalize corn yield responses to sub-surface starter... D. Quinn, C. Lee, H. Poffenbarger |
59. Cover crops nutrients uptake did not cause yield loss in cornBare soils are susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss. Cover crops and residues provide physical protection against erosion and nutrient loss, and improve nutrient cycling as well as biodiversity. We hypothesized that cover crops store available nutrients from the soil in the fall and release them the next spring for the next cash crop, minimizing potential nutrients loss with no adverse effect on cash crop yield. A four site-year study throughout South Dakota was conducted to compare... |
60. Can Cover Crops Help to Improve Soil Health While Having a Positive Effect on Corn Grain Yield?Cover crops have recently gained attention in the U.S. Mid-west because of their potential to increase soil organic matter and improve overall soil health. There is some concern however, that cover crops may negatively impact corn grain yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects that different cover crop mixtures have on soil health measurements and corn grain yield at increasing nitrogen rates. Cover crops were planted in the fall as a dominantly grass mixture, dominantly... |
61. CORN YIELD AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY RESPONSE TO WHEAT COVER CROP AND SPLIT NITROGEN APPLICATIONCorn (Zea mays L.) grain is a major commodity crop in Illinois and its production largely relies on timely application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Currently, growers in Illinois and other neighboring states in the U.S. Midwest use the maximum return to N (MRTN) decision support system to predict corn N requirements. However, the current tool does not factor in implications of integrating cover crops into the rotation, which has recently gained attention among growers due to several... R. Keshavarz-afshar, E. Jahanzad, M. Battaglia, Y. Luo, A. Sadeghpour, O. Adeyemi |
62. Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature, and adoption costGrowing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or “Skipping the corn row” (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while reducing... |
63. Impact of Site-Specific Variability on the Effectiveness of Active Canopy Sensors for In-Season N Management in CornIn-season nitrogen (N) management in corn guided by active canopy sensors is often associated with higher yields, profit and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, these benefits could vary from field-to-field and year-to-year. These inconsistent relationships between technology and benefits represent a major challenge for increasing adoption of sensor-based N application in corn. Thus, a better understanding of which site-specific factors determine positive benefits from sensor-based N application... L. Puntel, J. Luck, L. Thompson |
64. Soil Health Indicators help with Fertilizer Application Decisions in South Dakota CornFertilizer inputs are an essential part of corn (Zea mays) cropping systems in the United States. In South Dakota, phosphorus and potassium yearly inputs are based on soil test nutrient levels and a yield goal while sulfur is based on soil texture and tillage practices. These 3 plant nutrients have a point called the “critical value” where addition of more of the nutrient as an inorganic fertilizer should no longer result in a yield increase. These fertilizer critical... B. Groebner, J. Clark |
65. Implications of Clay Mineral Analysis for Improved Calibration of Corn Potassium Fertilizer RecommendationsEastern South Dakota has seen an increase in soil potassium (K) deficiencies. To correct those deficiencies and avoid yield reductions, corn producers rely on accurate K fertilizer recommendations (KFRs). Among the various parameters used to estimate a KFR, clay mineralogy has significant potential to increase KFR accuracy. The study has two objectives: first, to determine the relationships among clay mineralogy, K uptake by corn, and KFRs, and second, to calibrate KFRs in South Dakota to incorporate... A. Ahlersmeyer, J. Clark, D. Clay, K. Osterloh |
66. Comparative Effects of Herbicide, Nitrogen Inhibitors and Nitrogen Source on Nitrification and Corn YieldNitrogen management in crops can be challenging due to nitrogen transformations and losses in soil, such as nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification is the conversion of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. Nitrates can be lost through leaching during heavy precipitation. Nitrification inhibitor products are used to temporarily slow the nitrification process by... W. Neels, A. Jhala, B. Maharjan, R. Little, J. Iqbal |
67. Updating Soil-test Phosphorus and Potassium Calibrations for WisconsinEffective soil-test interpretations and fertilizer recommendations require phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) soil test to be field correlated with crop yield response to fertilization and calibrated to identify response probabilities. Only the Bray-1 soil test is calibrated to provide P and K interpretation guidelines in Wisconsin, with supporting trials being over 30 years old. This study correlated the P extracted by the Bray-1 (BP), Mehlich-3, Olsen-P (OP), and H3A tests and K extracted by the... C.A. Laboski, F.J. Arriaga, J.D. Jones |
68. Promoting Adoption of Precision Nitrogen Management Technologies Through On-farm ResearchThe Nebraska On-Farm Research Network helps farmers evaluate products and practices that impact the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of their operations. There are many technologies that have potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) on corn and winter wheat but typically these technologies have low adoption. At the same time, farmers have technologies such as GPS, yield monitors, and variable-rate application equipment on their farmers that enables them to easily conduct... L. Thompson, L. Puntel, T. Mieno, J. Iqbal, B. Maharjan, J. Luck, S. Norquest, J. Guilherme cesario pereira pinto, C. Uwineza |
69. Benchmarking Nitrogen Recommendation Tools for Nebraska Winter WheatAttaining high yield and high nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) remains a current research challenge in crop production. Digital ag technologies for site-specific N management have been demonstrated to improve NUE. This is due to the ability of digital technologies to account for the spatial and temporal distribution of crop N demand and available soil N in the field, which varies greatly according to soil properties, climate, and management. In addition, winter wheat protein content is highly... J. Cesario pinto, L. Thompson, N. Mueller, T. Mieno, L. Puntel, G. Balboa |
70. What Soil Measurements Relate Best to Corn Economic Optimal N Rate?The use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical for optimizing corn (Zea mays L.) yield. However, improper applications can reduce fertilizer efficiency, create environmental issues, and reduce grower profits. The N cycle is largely affected by biological processes. Therefore, the inclusion of biological soil tests alone or in combination with other soil chemical and physical properties may enable us to improve the accuracy of corn N fertilizer needs to optimize yield. From 2018-2021,... J. Clark, P. Kovacs, A. Bly, A. Ahlersmeyer |
71. Carbon Credit and Sequestration in Agroecosystems; Lessons from Trials in Southern IllinoisA carbon (C) credit is the attribution of net CO2-C equivalent which can be used to decrease climate forcing through a given practice or farming system for a given unit time. Carbon credits allow industries to purchase C that is produced on a farm (i.e., offsets). Carbon can be captured in two ways; (i) by capturing and reducing greenhouse gasses (on a CO2-C equivalent basis), and/or (ii) by increasing soil organic C stocks. Therefore, to enable C credits in the agricultural... A. Sadeghpour, A.M. Weidhuner, G. Burkett, O. Zandvakili, O. Adeyemi, C. Kula, J. Berberich, J. Pike, A.J. Margenot |
72. Cover Crop Species and Planting Methods Influence on Corn N Requirement in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized complete... A. Sadeghpour, C. Kula, G. Sener, C. Vick |
73. Biochemical Soil Health Indicators Related to Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate in CornIn corn production, nitrogen (N) fertilization is one of the main inputs to enhance yield. However, in the last few years, reducing N utilization has been a goal due to environmental concerns and production costs. Soil health tests have been studied to understand the relationship with N availability and its use to adjust N recommendation rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of different soil tests with the economic optimum N rate (N) for corn in Wisconsin. Soil samples... D. Orjuela diaz, C.A. Laboski, F. Arriaga |
74. A Minnesota-Wide Assessment of Critical Pre-Plant and in-Season Soil Nitrate for Adjusting Nitrogen Rate GuidelinesThe pre-plant (PPNT) and pre-sidedress (PSNT) soil nitrate tests are often used as indicators of soil nitrogen (N) availability in Minnesota. The assessment of available soil nitrogen (N) provides corn (Zea mays L.) growers with key information on N credits to adjust their N fertilizer rates. However, current N management recommendations in Minnesota were based on research conducted 40-yr ago and did not specify differences between environments and management. Through a comprehensive... E. Souza, F.G. Fernandez, J. Coulter, M. Wilson, J.A. Vetsch, P.H. Pagliari, R.T. Venterea, D.E. Kaiser, K.P. Fabrizzi, D. Bernau, C.J. Rosen, K. Mizuta, Y. Miao, V. Sharma |
75. Consideration of Clay Mineralogy for Enhanced Prediction of Optimal Corn Potassium Fertilizer RatesProperly calibrated potassium (K) fertilizer recommendations (KFRs) are critical for improving crop yields and maintaining environmental stewardship. Recent innovations in soil and crop management suggest that certain soil factors, including clay mineralogy, can be used to predict optimal K requirements in corn. The objectives of this study include 1) correlate soil K levels to corn yield, 2) calibrate KFRs with clay mineralogy data, and 3) determine the relationships among clay mineralogy, K... A. Ahlersmeyer, J. Clark, K. Osterloh, D. Clay |
76. Effects of Soil Phosphorus and Potassium Levels on Corn Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilization, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and ProfitabilityAnnual investment in nitrogen (N) fertilizer for corn production represents a significant portion of annual input costs. Yield response to N fertilization is affected by soil N supply, crop N demand, and interacting factors that affect crop N use, such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) supply. To investigate the effects of soil-test P and K levels on corn yield response to N fertilizer, a four-year study was conducted at two southern Wisconsin sites. Soil-test P and K were maintained at low,... J.D. Jones, C.A. Laboksi, F.J. Arriaga |
77. In-season Application of Swine Manure to CornIn agricultural areas with cool climates, application of livestock manure for crop production can be challenging. For example, spring in the upper Midwest can be short and is increasingly wet due to climate change, making it difficult to apply manure and plant crops in a timely manner. This results in a significant amount of manure applied in the fall after the cash crop is harvested. The nitrogen in fall-applied manure has ample time to mineralize and leave the root zone before next season’s... M. Wilson |
78. Optimizing Nitrogen Management for Sustainable Production of Furrow-Irrigated Corn in Nebraska PanhandleLosses of nitrogen (N) via leaching to groundwater and greenhouse gas emissions pose an environmental and human health threat. The risk for environmental N losses, particularly nitrate leaching loss, is greater in furrow-irrigated fields than those under drip or sprinkler irrigation. Furrow irrigation accounts for 30% of total irrigated acres in Nebraska and approximately 36% in the US. However, much of the efforts for N management improvement are concentrated on sprinkler or drip systems. The... B. Maharjan, D. Ghimire |
79. Integration of Satellite and UAV Imagery for Assessing Corn Nitrogen Uptake at Early Vegetative Growth StagesNitrogen (N) fertilizer accounts for 20-25% of the variable cost of production for rotation maize in Indiana. Spatial variability within fields and variable, unpredictable rainfall patterns make N a challenging nutrient to manage, withup to 65% of the nitrogen applied being lost as nitrate. Post-emergence sidedress applications of N fertilizer can reduce N loss and improve plant uptake, so efficient and practical ways to identify maize N status at early maize growth stages is key to assessing... A. Morales ona, R. Nielsen , J. Camberato, D. Quinn |
80. Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Biomass, Oil, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Peppermint in Nebraska PanhandlePeppermint (Mentha pipperita) is an aromatic perennial herb that contains aromatic oil, primarily menthol. Irrigated peppermint production requires large nitrogen (N) input, which is often higher than for irrigated corn. Therefore, if not managed properly, mint production has a high potential for N loss, including emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). Nitrous oxide is a major greenhouse gas and also the single most important ozone-depleting emission. Increasing N2O emissions... S. De silva, B. Maharjan |
81. Corn Nitrogen Requirement in Winter Cereal Cover Crop Trials in Southern IllinoisWinter cereal cover crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) are recommended as the best in-field management strategy by the Illinois Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy (INLRS) to minimize nitrate-N leaching to the Mississippi River Basin and the Gulf of Mexico. We evaluated the effect of wheat and winter rye on corn grain yield, and nitrogen (N) requirement. Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates... A. Sadeghpour, O. Adeyemi, O. Guzel, C. Kula, J. Mcgrath, G. Sener guzel |
82. Does Sensor-based Nitrogen Management Maintain Crop Production and Decrease Nitrate-N Leaching?To improve water quality, nitrogen (N) management in corn production systems should shift from current N decision support system [maximum return to N (MRTN)] which suggests a single rate N addition to sensor-based (GreenSeeker) active N management (variable N rate approach). Single rate N recommendations often result in under- and over-N addition and either increase environmental N losses or cause corn yield penalty. Our objectives were to evaluate corn optimum nitrogen N requirement (EORN) in... A. Sadeghpour, M. Guzel, J. Mcgrath, O. Adeyemi, B. Arnall, O. Guzel |
83. Does Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat Affects Its Yield and Nitrate-N Leaching in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping System?Conventional corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation contributes to nitrate-N and phosphate leaching to waterbodies causing water quality concerns. Two strategies that could minimize N and P losses include (i) incorporating winter rye (Secale cereale L.) (WR) as a cover crop to capture residual nutrients or (ii) intensifying the corn-soybean rotation with winter wheat (WW) (Triticum aestivum L.) (Double cropping). Double cropping WW at a right N... A. Sadeghpour, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K.L. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller |
84. Does Nitrogen Fertilization with Manure Injection Versus Surface Application Influence Corn for Silage and Winter Rye Yield, Quality, Phosphorus Balance and Soil Test Phosphorus Over Three Years?Switching from nitrogen (N)-based to phosphorus (P)-based manure management has been shown to decrease P loss to the environment allowing for sustainable P management in dairy farms. At high P soils, dairy farmers often surface apply the liquid manure to corn (Zea mays L.) for silage at the P-based rates and supplement the limited N to corn with N fertilizers to ensure optimum crop production. With high fertilizer prices, one solution to reducing the N requirement of corn could be to... A. Sadeghpour, G. Burkett, S. Babaei, O. Adeyemi, K. Vaughn, C. Kula |
85. Response of Corn to Planting Methods of Cover Crop Species and Nitrogen Rate in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized complete... A. Sadeghpour, G. Sener guzel, C. Kula, C. Vick |
86. Employing Statistical Models to Determine the Soil Tests and/or Soil Characteristics That Improved EONR Prediction in CornIn corn production, nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for increasing yield. However, in the last few years, there has been a push to use less N due to environmental concerns and production costs. There has been an interest in using soil health tests to predict N mineralization potential and further understand soil N availability to adjust N recommendation rates. Different statistical models like regression or decision tree analysis have been used to determine how the Economic Optimum N Rate... D. Orjuela diaz, C.A. Laboski, F. Arriaga |
87. Long-Term (16-year) Comparison of Phosphorus Fertilization Strategies: Targeted Soil Test Values Vs. Crop Removal in Corn ProductionDeveloping effective phosphorus (P) fertilization strategies to optimize corn (Zea mays L.) yields across varying environmental conditions is essential. This 16-year study, conducted on Nora silt loam soil in Concord, NE (initial Bray-1 P of 16±3 mg kg⁻¹), evaluated different P fertilization strategies under dry, normal, and wet years. The treatments included: no P or N (NPNN), no P (NP), phosphorus applied at crop removal (CRP), and maintaining soil P at 15 (B15), 30 (B30), and... S. Patel, C. Shapiro, J. Iqbal |
88. Evaluating the Effects of Nitrogen Source, Placement, and Timing on Corn Yield and Nitrogen Losses in the Sandy Soils of Northeast NebraskaThe impact of nitrogen sources, placement, enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs), and application timing on improving groundwater quality in groundwater management areas remains unclear. This study assessed the effects of various N fertilizer sources, EEFs, application timing, and placement on corn yield and nitrogen losses via nitrate (NO3- ) leaching and ammonia (NH3) volatilization. The experiment was conducted in 2023, a notably dry year, at a farmer’s... A. Singh, C. Misar, J. Iqbal |
89. Short-Stature and Full-Stature Corn Hybrid Response to Nitrogen Rate and Plant PopulationThe recent introduction of short-stature corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids (5-7 ft height) suggests agronomic management recommendations need to be reassessed and updated in comparison to modern full-stature hybrids. Short-stature hybrids target to increase overall Midwest corn production and agronomic efficiency by reducing lodging potential under higher plant populations through improved wind tolerance, stalk strength, and plant standability. However, the optimal combination of nitrogen rate... E. Oliva, S. Casteel, D. Quinn |
90. Assessing Fall Applied Phosphorus Sources and Wheat Cover Crop on the Following Soybean PerformanceGrowers often maintain soil test phosphorus (STP) using ammonium phosphate fertilizers, such as diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18-46-0) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 11-52-0) and employ fall application to avoid competition for time and wet field conditions, both prevalent in the spring. However, fall application of nitrogen (N) with these P fertilizers presents a risk of N loss over the fallow period. One source that could minimize N loss during the fallow period is triple superphosphate (TSP;... M. Javid, J. Mcgrath, S. Babaei, F. Sheikhi shahrivar, A. Sadeghpour |
91. Cover Crop Species and Planting Methods Influence on Corn N Requirement in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized complete... A. Sadeghpour, C. Kula, G. Sener |
92. Nitrogen Rate and Harvesting Time Based on Growing Degree Days Influenced Winter Cereal Rye Morphological Traits, Forage Yield, Quality, and Farm Profit in Poorly Drained AlfisolsWinter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (WCR) is often double cropped with maize for silage (Zea mays L.) to increase farm forage supply and profit. Spring nitrogen (N) fertilization to WCR could influence its production and quality at different harvesting times. Therefore, two on-farm trials were conducted in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of harvesting time (late-March to end-of-April considering the growth stage) and spring N fertilization... G. Burkett, K. Vaughn, O. Adeyemi, O. Zandvakili, M. Battaglia, S. Babaei, J. Nair, S. Still, A. Sadeghpour |
93. Combined Effects of Nitrogen Rate, Source, and Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer Use in Indiana Corn ProductionSynthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the most significant fertilizer applied with regards to both quantity, cost, and yield impacts for Midwest corn (Zea mays L.) production. However, with continued risk of nitrate (NO3) leaching causing groundwater contamination, N volatilization, and dentification which increases nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, continued N management practice improvement, enhanced efficiency N fertilizer use (e.g., nitrification inhibitors, urease... D. Quinn |