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1. A Direct Approach to Measure Cover Crop Nitrogen Uptake from Dairy Manure Via 15N EnrichmentFall manure applications are a standard practice across Wisconsin, primarily due to manure storage constraints and unpredictable spring field conditions. Unfortunately, manure derived nitrogen (N) is at risk for runoff and leaching into groundwater without an appropriate mechanism for N retention. Fall-planted grass cover crops can serve as N scavengers, reducing losses of manure N to the environment, especially post-silage harvest, however potential tradeoffs between sufficient N uptake and ... T. Judd, M. Ruark, Z. Freedman |
2. A Look at West, Texas(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
3. A Novel Calcimeter for Soil Carbonate Assessment with Implications for Accurate Soil Test MethodsCalcium carbonate equivalent content is an important soil characteristic, with rammifications for decisions made in agricultural production and soil testing labs alike. However, soil carbonate measurements are rarely included with soil fertility analyses in Kansas due to their tedius nature and the cost of analysis. The objectives of this study were to develop a reliable calcimeter using open-source electronics and readily available labware, and to evaluate it’s performance against proc... B. Rutter, D. Ruiz Diaz |
4. Adapt-N: A Computational Tool for Precise N Management in CornCurrent approaches to estimation of optimum N fertilizer rates are based on mass balances, average expected economic return based on field experiments, soil N tests, an d crop leaf or canopy sensing. However, denitrification and leaching losses of nitrogen may occur from dynamic and complex interactions among weather, soil hydrology, crop water and N uptake, and management practices , and result in high variability in annual crop N needs in maize ( Zea mays L.) production. W eather impacts the ... |
5. Adaptive Nitrogen Management(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
6. Agronomic and Environmental Assessment of Cover Crops in IllinoisCrop production systems have been changing for thousands of years and new ideas and practices are being implemented every day. In recent years, the practice of cover cropping systems has come into the spot light, and though research has been in effect, the practice has been slow to take root for producers in Illinois. Benefits of cover crops primarily center around increases in soil organic matter, which can lead to higher soil productivity, but the long-term agronomic, environmental, and econom... |
7. An Evaluation of Summer Cover Crops for Agroecosystem Services in Small Grain SystemsCover cropping has been gaining popularity in recent years, specifically for its ability to improve soil properties and suppress weeds. However, cover crop species differ in the agroecosystem services they provide. Our objective was to evaluate a variety of summer cover crop treatments and their ability to provide soil physical protection, increased yield and quality of subsequent small grains, nitrogen input reduction, and weed suppression. Six summer cover treatments were evaluated for thes... S. Watkins, H. Poffenbarger, D. Van Sanford |
8. Assessing Different Sources of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Nitrate Leaching in the Fall Period and Its Effect on the Following CornIllinois nutrient loss reduction strategy is questing to reduce nitrate and phosphorus (P) loss by 25 and 15% by 2025. Fall applied ammonium-based P fertilizers could result in both nitrate and phosphate loss during the fallow period. Two ways to minimize these losses are by utilizing urease and nitrification inhibitors and also assessing other sources of P including triple superphosphate (TSP) and dissolved air flotation (DAF) that separates solids from liquid manure. A four-times replicated... S. Koduru, M. Javid, R. Keshavarz Afshar, A. Margenot, A. Sadeghpour |
9. Assessing Fall Applied Phosphorus Sources and Wheat Cover Crop on the Following Soybean PerformanceGrowers often maintain soil test phosphorus (STP) using ammonium phosphate fertilizers, such as diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18-46-0) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP, 11-52-0) and employ fall application to avoid competition for time and wet field conditions, both prevalent in the spring. However, fall application of nitrogen (N) with these P fertilizers presents a risk of N loss over the fallow period. One source that could minimize N loss during the fallow period is triple superphosphate (TSP;... M. Javid, J. Mcgrath, S. Babaei, F. Sheikhi Shahrivar, A. Sadeghpour |
10. Assessing Nitrogen Management and Claypan Soil Variability Effects on Switchgrass using Reflectance SensingThe topsoil depth or depth to the claypan (DTC) can be highly variable across the landscape for some Midwest soils. This makes managing crops on these soils difficult because their productivity can be highly variable. In some ar eas of the landscape there can be no topsoil and leave the claypan exposed (e.g., side-slope) while in other areas it can be buried (e.g., toe-slope) (Kitchen et al., 1999). Due to the high variability of theses soils, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a potential pro... |
11. Assessing the Effectiveness of Green-Seeker Algorithm in Minimizing Nitrogen Loss in Corn Production SystemsTo improve water quality, nitrogen (N) management in corn production systems should shift from current N decision support system [maximum return to N (MRTN)] which suggests a single rate N addition to sensor-based (GreenSeeker) active N management (variable N rate approach). Single rate N recommendations often result in under- and over-N addition and either increase environmental N losses or cause corn yield penalty. Our objectives were to evaluate corn optimum nitrogen N requirement (EORN) i... O. Guzel, A. Sadeghpour, J. Mcgrath |
12. Biochar: Waste, or Product?Nutrient losses following summer and fall manure applications result in economic and water quality problems. We tested the potential of biochar (BC) and ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) as manure additives to retain nutrients by reduci ng nitrate pool size and runoff of N and P. To determine appropriate rates to use in field expe riments, the compounds were initially added at different rates to liquid swine manure (LSM) then the slurry mixed with soil and incubated. The selected rates, based on N tra... |
13. Building a Corn Nitrogen Rate Database for Minnesota's Irrigated Sandy SoilsA study was conducted to determine the optimum N rate to apply for corn grown on irrigated sandy soils in Minnesota. Sandy soils in Minnesota vary in the texture of the surface fron silt loam to sand. Since 2006, 11 sites had 8 to 9 N fertikizer rates applied. The optimum N rate for the sandy sites with a silt loam surface texture ranged from 168 kg N/ha to 200 kg N/ha while the sandy surfaced soils optimum N rate ranged from 250 kg Nha to 280 kg N/ha. The silt loam surface soil sites optimum N ... |
14. Can CRP Serve As a Soil Health Benchmark: A Minnesota Case Study Utilizing SMAFSoil health is an important concept relating to sustainable agriculture and food security. However, the absence of a universally accepted benchmark for soil health complicates its application as a tool to measure soil functional capabilities. Here we propose the use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) soils as a potential benchmark for soil health in Southern Minnesota. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to evaluate soil health indicators and quantify the soil health g... O. Hoffman, C. Chorpenning, C. Buchanan, T. Trimarco, N. Carr, J. Ippolito |
15. Can Multi-Year Fertilizer Applications Improve Productivity in a Corn and Soybean Rotation?Corn (Zea mays L.) yield responses to fertilizer are often greater when the fertilizer is applied in the same year, while soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields are typically equivalent or higher when fertilizer was applied in a previous year. Thus, a common fertilization practice in the Midwest is to apply two-crop amounts of P, K, and S fertilizers during the corn phase of a corn-soybean rotation. However, with rising fertilizer costs, it is important to purchase and appl... S. Leskanich, C. Sible, F. Below |
16. Combined Effects of Nitrogen Rate, Source, and Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer Use in Indiana Corn ProductionSynthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the most significant fertilizer applied with regards to both quantity, cost, and yield impacts for Midwest corn (Zea mays L.) production. However, with continued risk of nitrate (NO3) leaching causing groundwater contamination, N volatilization, and dentification which increases nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, continued N management practice improvement, enhanced efficiency N fertilizer use (e.g., nitrification inhibitors, ure... D. Quinn |
17. Comparison of the MRTN and Adapt-N Derived N Rates for CornNitrogen application to corn is a large determinant for high yield, and rate has important implications for economic profitability and off-field movement of nitrate-N. Nitrogen rate recommendation systems have varied over time. A popular system was yield-goal based, with grain yield multiplied by a per-bushel factor and then rate adjusted for previous crop and other N inputs. Modifications of this system are still used today in some states. Seasonal (site-year) variability in economic optimum N ... |
18. Considerations for Development of Optical Sensor Based Nitrogen Recommendation Algorithms for CornOptical sensor technology in Kansas has been used on winter wheat and grain sorghum with great success for predicting N fertilizer needs early in the growing season. However with both crops, there is a required minimum period of growth required before optical sensors can accurately detect N deficiencies. In both cases the target crop needs to have entered a period of vegetative growth where N uptake and utilization is increasing. In the case of wheat that generally corresponds to the Feekes 4 t... |
19. Corn and Soybean Response to Phosphorus Placement under Minimum Tillage SystemProducers often question the need for better fertilizer placement methods in reduced tillage systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different placements and rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer for corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max). The study was conducted at 3 locations from 2005 to 2012 (8 years). This paper presents results from one irrigated location. Tillage system was strip till before planting corn; and soybean was planted without previous tillage. Fert... |
20. Corn Grain Yield and Quality Response to Commercial Biostimulant Products and Nitrification InhibitorsBiological nitrogen (N) fixation by microorganisms plays a crucial role in the N cycle, transforming atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃) and enhancing plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate three biological N fixing products or biostimulants (BS), including Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (BS-1), Klebsiella variicola + Kosakonia sacchari (BS-2), and Methylobacterium symbioticum (BS-3) for their in-field performance in enhanc... R. Paul, G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
21. Corn Grain Yield Response to Nitrogen Rate Timing, Source, and Nitrification Inhibitor in MissouriNitrogen response depends on several factors including weather conditions, soil N supply capacity, previous crop in rotation, plant population, and fertilizer management practices. Fertilizer management practices include fertilizer rate, source, application timing, placement, and use of nitrogen stabilizer. In Missouri, the nitrogen fertilizer rate recommendations for corn are based on the yield goal equation. This equation includes the target plant population, pounds of nitrogen removed per ... G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur , J. Lory, M. Davis, L. Abendroth, H. Naumann, J. Calhoun, J. Chlapecka, W. Bradley, C.J. Ransom, R. Carson, P. Pal |
22. Corn Plant Uniformity Following Shallow NH3 Placement in Precision-Guided, Pre-Plant Nitrogen ApplicationsCorn (Zea mays L.) production relies extensively on different types of N fertilizers, and anhydrous ammonia (NH 3) continues to be a dominant N s ource in much of the Corn Belt. Timing and placement of NH 3 fertilizer can affect plant-to-plant uniformity and yield of corn, and especially so when high N rates are applied and there is little time between spring pre-plant NH 3 application and planting. The effects of shallow pre-plant NH3 placement on corn plant-to- plant uniformity were investig ... |
23. Corn Residue Harvesting Effects on Yield Response to N FertilizationProducers have many choices of diverse tillage practices for their corn (Zea mays L.) production systems. However, no-till has become an important soil management practice to help reduce water and wind erosion, as well as nutrient runoff, while conserving soil moisture for crop use. No-till systems also help farmers by saving labor and time, as well as reducing farm costs due to less equipment and fuel consumption. Nevertheless, no-till production is typically more successful and has higher crop... |
24. Corn Response to Nitrogen Rate at Three Topographic Positions Within a Terraced LandformNitrogen (N) application and topographic positions (TPs) are critical factors affecting corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and quality, particularly in regions with diverse terrain like Northern Missouri. A field experiment was conducted in Northern Missouri in 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the effects of four nitrogen rates (0, 120, 200, and 280 N lb acre-1) and three TPs (shoulder, backslope, and footslope) on corn yield and quality. Corn grain yield increased with N application rates th... M. Muhammad Aslam, G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
25. Corn Response to Sulfur Fertilization in Central Iowa SoilsReductions in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition and increased S removal through continuous cropping have led to S fertilizer responses in many crops. Responses to S fertilization by corn (Zea mays L.), however, have been inconsistent across the upper Midwest. Our objectives with this field study were to: (i) compare S sources for corn vegetative growth and grain yield; (ii) evaluate soil extractable S and S tissue concentrations at different growth stages as S diagnostic too... J. Kovar, C. Crespo, C. Hart, R. Roth, P. O'brien, S. Ruis |
26. Correlation and Calibration of the Mehlich 3 P Soil Test for Soybeans in KansasKansas currently uses the Mehlich 3 soil test for P, with a general P soil test (STP) critical level for all crops of 20 ppm (colorimetric). This critical level was established based on field research primarily with wheat in 2003. A review of the limited research data available from Kansas suggests that soybeans may not require as high a STP level as wheat for optimum yield. Therefore the objective of this study is to determine what the appropriate critical STP level is for optimum soybean prod... |
27. County-Level Phosphorus Balances for 2017 in IllinoisCropland phosphorus (P) balances (manure and fertilizer P minus crop P removal) are great sustainability tools to assess long-term managements at farm, county, and state levels. Our objectives were to estimate county, regional, and state-level cropland P balances for Illinois in 2017. Based on the census data in 2017, Illinois county P balance ranged from -14.38 to 36 lb/acre/yr. Overall, Illinois had a negative P balance at about -3 lb/acre/yr. About 71% of counties, had a negative P balance... X. Liu, S. Xu, A. Margenot, A. Sadeghpour, O. Zandvakili, M. Guzel |
28. Cover Crop Composition: Implications for Crop Yields, Nitrogen Use, and Soil Health in Corn-Soybean RotationsCover crops can improve agricultural sustainability by influencing nitrogen (N) use, enhancing soil health, and optimizing crop yields. However, their effects can vary based on species composition. This study evaluated how different cover crop compositions impact crop yields, N requirements, and soil health in corn-soybean rotations. Field experiments were conducted at Brookings and Beresford, South Dakota. Three cover crops (none, single grass, and multi-species) were interse... S. Kodali, J. Clark |
29. Cover Crop Species and Planting Methods Influence on Corn N Requirement in Southern IllinoisIt is well established that planting cover crops prior to corn (Zea mays L.) can influence soil temperature, moisture, and nitrogen (N) dynamics. These changes in soil along with the effects of cover crop on corn plant population can influence corn grain yield and N requirement. Two strategies to facilitate corn establishment and avoid N immobilization especially in winter cereal cover crops is by mixing cover crop species or skipping the corn row (precision planting). A randomized c... A. Sadeghpour, C. Kula, G. Sener |
30. Cover Crops and Nitrogen Cycling in North Dakota Cropping SystemsCover crops have proven effective in reducing wind and water erosion, improving soil health, and capturing excess N in the fall to prevent leaching. Although the benefits of cover crops to soil health are widely reported, their impact on the yield of the following crops is not clear. The purpose of this North Dakota study was to determine the impact cover crops have on the yield of following corn (Zea Mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops along with quantifying nit... B. Goettl, D. Franzen |
31. Crop and Soil Response to Different Phosphorus Management ApproachesPhosphorus (P) management has implications for crop production and water quality issues in Ohio. Recent data from 457 field P trials conducted in Ohio reported less than 25% positive yield response to P fertilization. It warrants further evaluation of crop P uptake, soil P levels and environmental factors to improve the predictability of crop yield response. Therefore, we collected soil and plant data from three P fertilizer trials (Wooster, South Charleston, and Custar) established in 2006. ... M. Rakkar, L. Fleuridor, S. Culman, G. Labarge |
32. Crop Yield Relationship to Remote Sensing Data Using Intensified Weighted Nonlinear Regression ModelsYield prediction is important for making in-season agronomic input decisions as well as for greater logistical decisions. In predicting the crop yield based on ground-based active optical sensing data, the ordinary statistical unweighted linear or nonlinear regression models are the most popular choices. However, these unweighted models may not be accurate enough for practical use because they are based on the assumption that each data point for regression is obtained with equal precision and t... |
33. Determining In-season Nitrogen Requirements for Maize Using Model and Sensor Based ApproachesThere is great value in determining the optimum quantity and timing of nitrogen (N) application to meet crop needs while minimizing losses. Applying a portion of the total N during the growing season allows for adjustments which can be responsive to actual field conditions which result in varying N needs. Two methods of determining in-season N needs were evaluated, a model-based approach and a crop canopy sensor approach. The Maize-N model was developed to estimate the economically optimum N fer... |
34. Effect of Barley and Winter Pea Cover Crops on Nitrogen Availability in No-Till CornCover crops are known to have positive effects on soil health and reduce erosion. However, popular cereal grains used as cover crops, such as rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare) can negatively affect nitrogen availability for the subsequent corn crop. Legumes, such as winter peas (Pisum sativum) could reduce competition for nitrogen between the cereal cover crop and the summer corn crop. This study's objective is to determine if barley as a cover ... E. Marsh, C. Lee |
35. Effect of Late-Applied N on Corn Dry Matter, N Content, and YieldNitrogen management of corn (Zea mays L.) may be improved by delaying N application until just prior to the rapid growth phase (approximately V6-V8). This timing is commonly referred to as 'sidedress'.� Some farmers do not sidedress because they are concerned inclement weather may delay N application beyond V8, requiring high clearance equipment to apply N and possibly reducing grain yield. However, few studies have investigated the effects of late-applied N in rain-fed production environment... |
36. Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium Application on the Growth and Yield of a 14 Year Old Miscanthus X Giganteus StandMiscanthus x gigantues (miscanthus) is a perennial C4 grass grown for renewable bioenergy and bioproducts. Despite its known low nutrient requirements, the specific fertilization needs of miscanthus remain poorly constrained, especially for older stands. This study aims to guide nutrient management practices for miscanthus by determining the demand for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization and identifying the soil testing values at which these nutrients optimize yields. To address th... A. Larson, E. Heaton, N. Boersma, J. Studt, S. Emran, M. Mcdaniel, A. Vanloocke |
37. Effects of Cover Crops on Surface Runoff Under Increasing Precipitation IntensitiesWith climate change increasing the frequency of extreme precipitation events, the risks of erosion, nutrient transport and flooding increase as well. Cover crops (CC) are a best management practice for cropping systems that are vulnerable to soil erosion. The objective was to analyze the effects of CC and precipitation intensity on surface runoff and water quality under natural precipitation events. Runoff and water quality data were collected from 2015-2022 from a corn-soybean crop... S. Moylan, N.O. Nelson, G. Kluitenberg, A. Sheshukov |
38. Enhanced Efficiency Phosphorus Application for a Corn-Soybean RotationPhosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient that is taken up by plants as inorganic ions (H 2PO4- and HPO 4 -2) found in soil solution. With higher fer tilizer costs, farmers are evaluating application rates and considering enhanced effi ciency phosphorus applications or treatments. AVAIL®(Specialty Fertilizer Products, Leawood, KS), NutriLife Max® (Advanced Microbial Solutions, Pilot Point, TX), and P ₂O ₅ Max (Rosen's Inc., Fairmont, MN) are three products that are intended to enhance ... |
39. Enhancing Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in Sorghum to Boost Yields and Reduced Nitrogen LossNitrogen management is crucial in modern farming as it plays a major role in achieving higher yields. This study aimed to identify the optimal nitrogen application rate and best management practices to prevent over-application, nitrogen losses, and nitrogen deficiency in crops. Kansas, a leading state in sorghum production, served as the study's setting. Research was conducted at four sites during 2021 and 2022 on rain-fed fields in North-East and North-West Kansas. The objectiv... M. Platero, P. Morinigo Ferreira, D. Ruiz Diaz, P. Tomlinson |
40. Evaluating the Effects of Nitrogen Source, Placement, and Timing on Corn Yield and Nitrogen Losses in the Sandy Soils of Northeast NebraskaThe impact of nitrogen sources, placement, enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs), and application timing on improving groundwater quality in groundwater management areas remains unclear. This study assessed the effects of various N fertilizer sources, EEFs, application timing, and placement on corn yield and nitrogen losses via nitrate (NO3- ) leaching and ammonia (NH3) volatilization. The experiment was conducted in 2023, a notably dry year, at a farmer&rsqu... A. Singh, C. Misar, J. Iqbal |
41. Evaluation of Algorithm Thresholds for Crop Canopy Sensor-Based In-Season Nitrogen Application in CornNitrogen fertilizer is frequently the most lim iting nutrient in corn production. Typically most nitrogen is applied before plan ting. Since nitrogen can leave th e soil system fairly easily, the result can be an inefficient use of nitrogen fe rtilizer. Previous research has shown increased efficiency with no reduction in yield by applying nitrogen later in the season when the crop is actively growing, with rates regul ated spatially through the use of active crop canopy sensors. This study eva... |
42. Evaluation of Dicyandiamide and Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Corn Production in Upstate MissouriNitrogen fertilizer is the most yield-responsive nutrient in corn production. In-field variability of soil properties such as organic matter content, drainage class, and microbial activity causes challenges in managing this nutrient which causes reduced yield potential and N-use efficiency. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) could reduce some of this variability by keeping N available to the plant longer. This research evaluated a non-treated control (NTC, 0 lbs N ac-1, dicyandiamide (DCD... D. Steinkamp, K. Nelson, G. Singh , M. Davis |
43. Evaluation of Novel Soybean Inputs to Enhance YieldThe U.S. Average soybean yield was 43.5 bushes/acre in 2010 (www.nass.usda.gov), with reports of much higher yields in some areas. With large yield differences among years and locations, as well as some high-profile marketing and publicity campaigns promoting 'high yield' management, producers are interested in any inputs or management practices that might improve yields. High soybean prices at present and interest in finding ways to increase yield have led to emergence of a number of new produc... |
44. Evaluation of Wavelength from Ground-Based Active Optical Sensors for Corn Yield Prediction in North DakotaGround-based active-optical (GBAO) crop sensors have been used successfully to predict crop yield when used during early growth stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate two GBAO sensors wavelengths regarding their usefulness under North Dakota corn (Zea mays, L.) growing conditions. Thirty experimental sites were used in North Dakota to conduct N rate trials on corn during 2011 and 2012. All sites were designed as randomized complete blocks with four replications and six nitrogen (N) ... |
45. Finding the “Sweet” Spot: Nitrogen Strategies for Variable Sugarbeet Harvest TimingsEarly sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvest is a new challenge facing the Michigan sugarbeet industry. Due to sugar processing capacity limitations, earlier sugarbeet harvest is necessary to ensure beet processing is complete by mid- to late-March. The early harvest time interval compounds the N application issue as a large percentage of applied N is utilized by the plant later in the growing season. Few data indicate how early or how late N can be applied and the subsequent effects o... K. Steinke, S. Fleming |
46. Genotype Specific Management for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Kentucky Soft Red Winter WheatThe complex interaction of genotype x environment x management (GxExM) that defines crop yield is often only explored with research on a single genotype or a select few genotypes. Improvements in crop management and understanding local adaptation to climate variability will require a broader understanding of specific genotype interactions with management systems across multiple environments. A multi-year study investigating the potential for variety specific management systems based on phenotypi... |
47. Geographic Trends in Alfalfa Stand Age and Crops that Follow AlfalfaTo gain perspective on alfalfa-annual crop rotations in the upper Midwest, USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service cropland data layers and Soil Survey Geographic Database layers were combined for six states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin) and seven years (2006-2012). Soil texture and geographic location both significantly affected the length of the alfalfa phase (stand age), and alfalfa stand age, soil texture, and year all significantly affected the... |
48. Hybrid, Plant Population, and Nitrogen Interactions in CornCharacterizing hybrids by their response to both plant population and N response will be needed to help make variable-rate population and N rate work. We planted four corn hybrids at three sites in Illinois over two years, using combinations of 18,000, 34,000, and 50,000 plants per acre 0, 80, 160, and 240 lb N/acre. Across three environments where shortage of water reduced yields, 50,000 plants/acre yielded less than the two lower populations, both of which yields about the same. There was lit... |
49. Identification of Reasons for High Temporal Soil-Test Potassium VariationExtensive research has focused on potassium (K) fertlization and soil K testing during several decades in the Corn Belt. IN Iowa, more t han 200 conventional or on-farm strip trials were conducted since the iddle 1990s until the early 2000s. Results of this research were used to update Iowa State University (ISU) K recommendations in 1999 and in 2002. In spite of increasd knowledge about soil-test K calibration, K fertilizer placement meethods, and needed K fertilizer rates, this research demons... |
50. Impact of Different Inorganic Phosphorus (P) Fertilizer Rates on Soil P PoolsPhosphorus runoff from agricultural fields is one of the contributors to the contamination and degradation of various aquatic ecosystems. Data from Ohio fertilizer trials show applying phosphorus (P) leads to an accumulation of P in the available pool, but the crop yield response remains unaffected. A better understanding of other P pools would be beneficial for comprehending the yield responses. This study aims to determine the impact of different inorganic P fertilizer rates on soil P pools... J. Singh, J. Ippolito, G. Labarge, M. Rakkar |
51. Impact of Nitrogen Application Timing on Corn Yield and Farm Profitability in Different Wheat Cover Cropping SystemsThe continuous increase in the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB), has led to the introduction of mitigation strategies with the use of winter cereal cover crop such as winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The understanding of the use of these winter cereal cover crops in relation to soil N and its impact on corn yield is imperative. The study investigates the impact of cover crop termination and N application timing on corn pro... F. Adeyemi, O. Adeyemi, J. Mcgrath, S. Armstrong, A. Sadeghpour |
52. Implication of Soil Conservation Practices on Fertility ManagementManagement practices for soil conservation are crucial for reducing soil degradation, and improving crop productivity and soil health. Often these practices are implemented after a problem has already occurred in a field. Therefore, because of changes in conservation management and year-to-year variability soil conditions are often not in a state of balance. Management practices for soil conservation are often studied to establish their impact on crop production, other soil properties, and th... F. Arriaga |
53. Industrial Hemp Response to Nitrogen ApplicationsWith the increasing interest in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a versatile crop for both fiber and grain production, optimizing nitrogen (N) management has become critical for maximizing its productivity. Field experiments were conducted at two locations (Novelty, Albany) in northern Missouri to evaluate the effects of N application rates on industrial hemp growth, biomass, and grain yield. The experiment was set as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arran... A. Nain, G. Kaur , K. Nelson, G. Singh , J. Miller |
54. Investigating the Effects of Tillage Practices and Fertilizer Placement Strategies on Corn Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Eastern South DakotaIn South Dakota, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers are often used to optimize corn (Zea may L.) grain yields and maintain soil fertility. The placement of these fertilizers often has an impact on the nutrient accessibility to the plant and the fertilizer’s impact on the environment. The management of these fertilizers is largely influenced by the tillage system utilized. In the western corn belt, producers have historically used a combination of conventional an... C. Tesch, P. Kovacs |
55. iPhone Apps: Corn Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Calculator and Nitrogen Fertilizer Price Comparison CalculatorAs communications technology advances, there is a need for Extension to deliver information and decision- making tools that leverage these new technologies to engage existing and new clientele groups in new wa ys. Smart technologies allow ac cess to pertinent information on-the- go and out in the field, right when it's needed. ... |
56. Irigated Soybean Response to Nitroen Applied During Early Pod FormationHigh yield soybean ( Glycine max L.) has a high rate of N uptake during grain fill with maybe 2/3 of the N derived from the atmosphere. The rema ining needs to come from the soil. Previous research has found that the probability of response to N applied at early pod development (R3) for yield trials, including 44 with mean yield >60 bu/A, we re conducted in Nebraska to determine effect on soybean yield of applying N and S to the soil at R3. With 27 lb/A N applied and >60 bu/A yield, mean yield ... |
57. Is Field Crop Contamination with Heavy Metals an Emerging Concern?Heavy metal contamination of food, particularly food consumed by infants and young children, with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) is a major food safety concern in the United States and beginning to draw heightened regulatory scrutiny. Crop uptake of heavy metals also has high spatiotemporal variability due to multiple soil, field, climate and plant factors. Management strategies that minimize heavy metal uptake and translocation are needed. The objective of this field study was to ... K. Steinke, Z. Hayden, M. Suplito |
58. Landscape Positions and Nitrification Inhibitors Affect Corn Productivity and Grain Quality on Claypan SoilsMicrotopographic variations in agroecosystems create spatial variability, necessitating site-specific nitrogen (N) management to enhance corn yields and grain quality. Incorporating nitrification inhibitors (NI) into this management strategy can further optimize efficiency by reducing fertilizer application rates, thereby lowering overall input costs for farmers while maintaining yields. A field experiment was conducted on a field with three topographic positions (TP) i.e, shoulder (SH), back... P. Kadari, G. Singh , K. Nelson, G. Kaur |
59. Long-Term (16-year) Comparison of Phosphorus Fertilization Strategies: Targeted Soil Test Values Vs. Crop Removal in Corn ProductionDeveloping effective phosphorus (P) fertilization strategies to optimize corn (Zea mays L.) yields across varying environmental conditions is essential. This 16-year study, conducted on Nora silt loam soil in Concord, NE (initial Bray-1 P of 16±3 mg kg⁻¹), evaluated different P fertilization strategies under dry, normal, and wet years. The treatments included: no P or N (NPNN), no P (NP), phosphorus applied at crop removal (CRP), and maintaining soil P at 15 (B15), 30 (B30), and... S. Patel, C. Shapiro, J. Iqbal |
60. Management Practices to Minimize Edge-of-Field Phosphorus LossManaging agricultural phosphorus (P) loss at the edge-of-field is critically important to inhibit the development of algal blooms in freshwater bodies. This is particularly important in the Northern Central region which has an abundance of freshwater lakes, agricultural lands, and harmful algal blooms. Edge-of-field monitoring data allows us to take a broad look at how management affects P export from cropland. Looking across a region over several decades also allows us to evaluate the non-ma... L. Pease |
61. Managing Phosphorus and Potassium Soil Test Levels and Effects on Corn Response to Nitrogen with Variable Crop PricesAnnual fertilizer investment for corn-soybean rotation systems represent a significant portion of annual input costs. Variable crop and fertilizer prices raise questions of which macronutrients can be prioritized or cut from fertilization programs. Corn yield response to N fertilization is affected by soil N supply, crop N demand, and interacting factors that affect crop N use, such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) supply. The later also influencing soybean yield in the rotation. To invest... J. Jones |
62. Managing Riparian Buffers to Improve Soil Structural PropertiesFifty-five percent of Kentucky's stream impairments have been attributed to agriculture. Riparian buffer management may improve buffer effectiveness and reduce agricultural contaminants impairing water quality. Three mowing regimes and one native grass establishment regime were imposed in the riparian buffer zone surrounding a tributary of Cane Run Creek in Fayette County KY. Treatment plots measured 10m x 15m, with 10 replications of each treatment. One year after treatment, root biomass, soil ... |
63. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityA program sponsored by the Illinois Council for Best Management Practices (CBMP) to provide local growers an estimate of the location, form, and concentration of plant-available N remaining in the soil. Plant-available N at a point in a field and a point in time can be estimated utilizing this technique and provide information that may help minimize environmental impact by improving harvest yield and maximizing nitrogen utilization. (This is not to be used as a stand-alone N recommendation syste... |
64. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityA program sponsored by the Illinois Council for Best Management Practices (CBMP) to provide local growers an estimate of the location, form, and concentration of plant- available N remaining in the soil. Plant-available N at a point in a field and a point in time can be estimated utilizing this technique and provide information that may help minimize environmental impact by improving harvest yield and maximizing nitrogen utilization. (This is not to be used as a stand-alone N recommendation syst... |
65. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityN-WATCH is a management tool designed for N Management Systems to inventory, track, and verify plant-available N in the soil. N Management Systems hedge the risk of N loss by splitting up the N application following the 4Rs of Nutrient Management (Right source, Right rate, Right time, and Right place). It is all about Minimizing environmental impact by Optimizing harvest yield, and Maximizing nutrient utilization. It is all about focusing on M.O.M. Who is eligible: Ag Producers that are adoptin... |
66. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityThose involved with Midwest production agriculture are aware that applications of nitrogen fertilizer can have unintended consequences upon water quality. It is our focus to minimize the potential of such environmental risks by working together to optimize harvest yields, and to maximize nitrogen utilization through the use of science-based initiatives, such as development of nitrogen management systems and N-WATCH. Sustainability of voluntary efforts to minimize the environmental impact of nitr... |
67. Maximizing Yield, Income, and Water QualityTo improve farm profitability and minimize environmental impact of nitrogen (N) use by reducing N losses and increasing harvest yield. Nitrogen Management System: A planned approach to N use that achieves better plant utilization and higher harvest yield with less environmental loss. It promotes a multiple application approach to N Management. It reduces early N application rates while emphasizing post-emerge N nutrition. It is about making incremental N applications that will Minimize environm... |
68. Micronutrients as Starter and Foliar Application for Corn and SoybeanCorn and soybean production under high yield environments can benefit from the combined use of starter and foliar fertilization, including macro and micronutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate corn and soybean response to starter fertilizers in combination with foliar application of macro and micronutrients to maximize yield s. Experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at two locations for corn and soybean under irrigation. Starter and foliar fertilizer treatments were applied ... |
69. Minimizing Nitrate Loss from Manure-amended Wisconsin Sandy SoilsThe impact of dairy manure application on nitrate leaching was evaluated at two sites with no manure history. Manure treatment (separated-solid manure, separated-liquid manure, separated- liquid manure plus a nitrification inhibitor, and two treatments with no manure) was the main plot. Each manured plot was split into six subplots with three receiving a single sidedress fertilizer application of 0, 56, or 112 kg N ha -1 while the others had two sidedress applications totaling 112 kg N ha-1 with... |
70. Mitigating Phosphorus Movement from Agricultural FieldsAgriculture is often cited as the primary factor for the high P loads polluting Lake Erie and Ohio�۪s watersheds, but the contributions of agriculture as a system, a combination of tillage, best management practice (BMP) and fertilizer source rather than an industry is unknown. This study supplied either commercial fertilizer or poultry litter to tilled or no-till production systems with their corresponding BMPs of incorporation and cover crops, respectively, to determine the P lost via surf... |
71. Nebraska's Natural Resources Districts: Experiences in Managing Nitrate in Ground WaterNebraska's 23 Natural Resources Districts (NRDs or Districts) were formed in 1972, and are quasi-local entities which are charged with various responsibilities in managing the State's soil and water resources. The Districts are governed by locally-elected Boards of Directors, managed by professional staff, and have independent taxing authority. They have broad responsibilities in ground water quantity and quality management, and one of the major efforts NRDs have engaged in over the past several... |
72. Nitrogen Application Timings in No-Till Dryland Corn Production SystemRight timing of nitrogen application is one of the practices of the 4 R nutrient stewardship. Three independent trials using a randomized complete block with 4 replications were conducted to determine the optimal (1) split rate, (2) proportion and (3) timing for sidedress N application in non-irrigated corn. In trial 1 (13-site years), five N rates were examined: 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 lb N/A, which were applied at two split-applications. Split-applications included single- and split-appl... N. Adotey, R. Blair, R. Adotey, N. Montgomery |
73. Nitrogen Dynamics and Agronomic-Environmental Impacts of Annual Vs. Perennial Cover Crops in Irrigated Corn-Soybean Systems on Sandy SoilsIrrigated sandy soils can be highly productive yet vulnerable to Nitrogen (N) losses. Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum) living mulch offers an alternative mitigation strategy. However, there is limited research aiming to holistically compare the effect of annual vs. perennial cover crops on season-long N dynamics and agronomic-environmental impacts on corn (Zea Mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping systems. This 2-yr study assessed rye (Secale cereale) and Kura... E. Garay Lagos, F. Fernández, J. Grossman , V. Sharma, R. Venterea |
74. Nitrogen Fertilizer Additives, Which Ones Work?Nitrogen fertilizer additives were evaluated in nine different studies. In the first study, Nutrisphere had no effect on urea hydrolysis when applied with a urea solution. In a second study, Nutrisphere had no effect on nitrification when applied with a urea solution. In a third study with urea granules, Nutrisphere had little effect on ammonia volatilization. In a fourth study with urea granules, Nutrisphere had no effect on nitrification. In a fifth study, Nutrisphere was found to be less effe... |
75. Nitrogen Loss from Sprinkler Applied Beef Feedlot EffluentLoss of nitrogen from sprinkler applied beef feedlot effluent can be costly for both the producer and the environment. Sprinkler application of effluent is common throughout the Great Plains, though little work has focused specifically on N losses from beef feedlot effluent. We quantified ammonia (NH 3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) losses from beef feedlot effluent applications under field conditions including variations in soil pH, soil water content, ammonium (NH 4+) concentration of the effluent, ... |
76. Nitrogen Management of Temporary Waterlogged Soil to Improve Corn Production and Reduce Environmental N LossDuring the 2011 growing season excessive soil moisture in the Unites States accounted for at least 30% of the total crop loss to environmental stresses resulting in more than $3 billion dollars in insurance indemnities paid to farmers. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess grain yield and N silage uptake for both rescue and non-rescue treatments of different enhanced efficiency products, (ii) determine soil N content among treatments throughout the growing season, and (iii) evaluate P... |
77. Nitrogen Management: Unraveling the Effect of Timing and FormImprovement of nitrogen use efficiency by co rn production would decrease the potential for nitrogen loss into the environment. A study ha s been conducted in Ames, Iowa on 16 different forms and rates of nitrogen in both a continuous corn and corn-soybean production systems. There were differences among treatments; howeve r, the most consistent treatment was the SuperU applied as a 150 lb A -1 preplant or as 50 lb A-1 preplant and 100 lb A-1 sidedress and UAN with Agrotain adde d to both the 5... |
78. Nitrogen Rate and Harvesting Time Based on Growing Degree Days Influenced Winter Cereal Rye Morphological Traits, Forage Yield, Quality, and Farm Profit in Poorly Drained AlfisolsWinter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (WCR) is often double cropped with maize for silage (Zea mays L.) to increase farm forage supply and profit. Spring nitrogen (N) fertilization to WCR could influence its production and quality at different harvesting times. Therefore, two on-farm trials were conducted in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of harvesting time (late-March to end-of-April considering the growth stage) and spring N fertilizatio... G. Burkett, K. Vaughn, O. Adeyemi, O. Zandvakili, M. Battaglia, S. Babaei, J. Nair, S. Still, A. Sadeghpour |
79. Nitrogen Rate Revisions for Corn in North DakotaNitrogen rates in North Dakota have been based on a yield-goal or yield-potential formula for over forty years. The currently published formula (Franzen, 2010) is: Recommended N rate = (Yield Potential, bushels per acre) X 1.2 less N credits from previous crops and soil test nitrate to 2 feet in depth. A yield-based strategy was practical when N costs were relatively low and yields in North Dakota were at most 100 bushels per acre. However, due to improved germplasm developed at North Dakota Sta... |
80. Nitrogen Timing and Nitrification Inhibitors for Corn in KansasAnhydrous ammonia is a common Nitrogen (N) source used for corn production in Kansas. Two common mechanisms of N loss in corn production in Kansas soils are denitrification and leaching. By minimizing these losses, producers can maximize yield with lower input use and have less impact on the environment. Time of application, particularly fall vs. spring application can have significant impact on N loss, particularly in some soils. The use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) with anhydrous ammonia ... |
81. Nutrient Deficiency Diagnostic Training with Field and Hydroponically Grown CropsThe Manitoba Crop Diagnostic School was initiated in 1995 and annually provides training for 350 - 400 field agronomists over a two week period in mid July. Symptons of nutrient deficiencies, other than Nitrogen (N), have proven difficult to demonstrate on the fertile high organic matter loam texturd soiles of the Carman Researh Station. The following techniques have been developed to demonstrate many of the macro and micronutient deficiencies which may occur in prairie crops.... |
82. Nutrient Management Studies in Bio-Fuel Cropping SystemsResearch was conducted to determine the effect of nutrient management practices on bio-fuel crop production, and to evaluate long term effects of bio-fuel crop production on selected chemical, physical and microbiologi cal properties. Experimental plots for research on bio-fuel crops production were established in 2008 at two sites in Missouri. The experimental design was an 8x3 factorial laid out in a sp lit plot design. The main plots were eight bio-fuel cropping systems including: 1) continu... |
83. On-Farm Assessment of Nitrogen Use and Management in Irrigated Corn Production in NebraskaHigh-yield irrigated crops have large nitrogen (N) requirements. For example, N uptake of a corn crop that yields 207 bu ac -1 (~13 t/ha) is about 180 lb N ac-1 (200 kg N ha-1). The amount of N that is not provided by indigenous sources (mineralization of previous crop residue and soil organic matter) needs to be supplied by crop producers through N fertilizer. High-yield irrigated corn accounts for 74% of total annual corn production of 1260 million bushels in Nebraska. With approximately 70,00... |
84. Overview of Manure Handling on Steroid Movement in Agricultural Fields from Beef Cattle SystemsManure generated from concentrated animal feeding operations may serve as a source of steroids in surface water and potentially in groundwater. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of steroids and metabolites in runoff from beef cattle production pens, and from runoff and leaching from crop production fields. Cattle were fed a synthetic progestagen, MGA or melengestrol acetate and treated with zeranol, trenbolone acetate, and estradiol implants, while a second group was n... |
85. Phosphorus and Potassium Removal and Leaching from Residue in Corn and SoybeanResearch is continually being conducted to adjust and update recomm endations for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and to be tter understand relationships betw een nutrient application, grain yield, nutrient removal with harvest, and soil-test values. Studies in Iowa and other states of the north central region have been used to develop guidelines about P and K removal rates in corn and soybean for use together with soil testing information to manage P and K. There is very large temporal varia... |
86. Phosphorus Management in the North Central Region: A Brief History, Current Unknowns and Next StepsThe history of phosphorus (P) reflects the history of agriculture in the North Central region. The yield-limiting importance of P, secondary to nitrogen, was recognized as at the turn of the 19th century. An overview of key developments and unfinished business following the picking of these low hanging fruit in the 20th century that face researchers, agronomists, and producers will be discussed. These include assessing P mobility, P sources from fertilizer versus soil, the concept o... A. Margenot |
87. Polymer Coated Urea and Time of Application for Corn Production in MinnesotaManaging N for corn production is a key to minimizing N losses. Excessively wet spring conditions resulting from ongoing climate change exacerbate loss potential of early spring N applications. Also, a shift in available N fertilizer sources calls for an extensive evaluation of these sources across different soil conditions to update the current N best management practices. The objectives of this research are to evaluate various urea, polymer-coated urea (PCU), and PCU-urea blends and N appli... F. Fernández, K. Fabrizzi, J. Vetsch, W.F. Lazarus |
88. Quantifying Risk in Nitrogen Management through On-Farm EvaluationsThe process of nitrogen (N) management in corn (Zea mays L.) production is often reduced to finding ways to manage various risks. These risks include common difficulties of quantifying soil N availability, avoiding N fertilizer losses, and predicting the impact of weather before and after fertilizer applications. This poster provides a synopsis of several recent on-farm evaluation studies conducted across Iowa. These studies were designed and executed to identify management, soil, and weather f... |
89. Relationship between Nitrogen Rate and Weed Removal Timing on Corn YieldWeeds actively compete for nitrogen in corn grain production systems. Field studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 at the Michigan State University Crop and Soil s Research Farm in East Lansing , MI to evaluate the effect of N application rate and weed removal timing on grain yield . Treatments included four preplant incorporated rates of urea (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg N ha - 1 ) and four weed removal timings (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) based on average weed canopy height. An additional season- long w... |
90. Searching for Inputs to Increase Soybean YieldCommodity prices and production costs are both at higher levels than in prior periods, encouraging growers to maximize returns by managing costs and raising yields. We conducted experiments at three Illinois sites in 2012 to evaluate foliar fertilizer, foliar insecticide, lactofen herbicide, seed treatment, foliar fungicide, foliar fungicide + foliar insecticide, cytokinin, , and fertilizer N, alone or in combinations of factors, including some deletion' treatments. Serious drought through the ... |
91. Short Term Effect of Double Cropping and Cover Cropping on Soil Physical PropertiesIntegrating cover crops into corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation has been promoted as a sustainable practice to reduce soil erosion, enhance soil health, and improve agricultural sustainability. However, growers are less inclined to include cover crops into their cash crop rotations especially winter cereals such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.) behind corn. One strategy to minimize the fallow period in corn-soybean rotation is by intensifying the ... F. Sheikhi Shahrivar, O. Ola, O. Guzel, K. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller, A. Sadeghpour |
92. Short-Stature and Full-Stature Corn Hybrid Response to Nitrogen Rate and Plant PopulationThe recent introduction of short-stature corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids (5-7 ft height) suggests agronomic management recommendations need to be reassessed and updated in comparison to modern full-stature hybrids. Short-stature hybrids target to increase overall Midwest corn production and agronomic efficiency by reducing lodging potential under higher plant populations through improved wind tolerance, stalk strength, and plant standability. However, the optimal combination of nitrogen r... E. Oliva, S. Casteel, D. Quinn |
93. Slow-Release Fertilizer Effect on Groundwater Nitrogen Concentration in Sandy Soils under Potato ProductionCurrent nitrogen (N) fertilizer management practices for potato farming have led to elevated levels of N in the local groundwater. Slow-release fertilizer, specifically Environmentally Smart Nitrogen® (ESN®) polymer coated urea (PCU ) may reduce the amount of N leaching to groundwater; however no field scale studies have been performed in Wisconsin to validate these assertions. Field experiments were conducted at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station using Russet Burbank potato, planted i... |
94. Soil pH and Crop Response to Lime Source and TillageAg lime recommendations are based on soil pH, buffer pH, and neutralizing index or effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECCE) of the lime to be used (Laboski and Peters, 2012). Determination of neutralizing index may vary by state and is often codified in state regulations related to the sale of ag lime. In Wisconsin, the neutralizing index of a lime is a function of purity (calcium carbonate equivalent) and fineness (particle size) (Schulte et al., 2005). Pelletized lime is typically calciti... |
95. Soybean Production Research: A National ApproachU.S. soybean growers are looking for alternative methods to increase soybean yields and recent increases in commodity prices have given producers more freedom to invest in additional crop inputs or products. Unfortunately, quality data from studies addressing multiple contemporary inputs is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined soybean inputs on seed yield. These high input systems were tested in six states to evaluate their value across a broad geograp... |
96. Soybean Response to Phosphorus Fertilizer and Cover Crop Combination in KansasPhosphorus (P) plays a critical role in supporting plant growth and maximizing crop yields, but its availability is often limited in agricultural soils. Cover crops (CC), widely used to improve soil health, can also influence nutrient availability and moisture dynamics. This study investigates the effects of P fertilization and CC on soybean P uptake, soil moisture, and grain yield in Kansas. Field trials were conducted across multiple sites in 2022 and 2023, using a randomized complete block... J. Demarco, D. Ruiz Diaz |
97. Soybean Response to Sulfur Placement and Starter Fertilizer ApplicationReduced rates of early season nutrient mineralization from earlier planting dates, increased nutrient removal from greater yields, and reductions in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition have increased concern regarding S availability for optimal soybean (Glycine max L.) growth. A field study was established to determine the effects of 25 lbs. S per acre with or without starter fertilizer consisting of 20 lbs. nitrogen (N) per acre and 50 lbs. P2O5 per acre on soybean grain yield and quality. Main p... |
98. Sulfur and Micronutrient Fertilization for Wheat Production in KansasGenetic advances in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and increased yield potential may require changes in fertilization programs including the addition of secondary and micronutrients. The objective of this study was to evaluate wheat response to sulfur and micronutrient fertilization and evaluate soil testing and tissue analysis as a diagnostic tool. Seven locations were established in 2012 and 201, all locations were established in under dryland conditions (four locations presented in this paper). Fe... |
99. Sulfur Cycling from Corn in Corn-Corn and Corn-Soybean RotationsSulfur fertilizer requirements for corn grown on medium and fine textured soils have increased over the past ten years. The effect of sulfur rate and timing on the potential for sulfur cycling and carryover within a two year crop rotation, corn-corn and corn-soybean, were studied. Sulfur was applied as ammonium sulfate on the soil surface at planting and the V3-V5 growth stages at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 lbs of S per acre during the first cropping year. Each plot was divided in two prior ... |
100. Survey of the Tissue Nutrient Status of Winter Wheat in KentuckyA field survey conducted in western Kentucky (KY) was initiated to determine if University of Kentucky soil fertility recommen dations for winter wheat production was adequate. Twenty- nine fields in 15 western KY counties were iden tified by county extension agents for sampling. Soil and tissue samples were collected for anal ysis in a 150 foot by 150 foot sampling area. Approximately 100 flag leaf samp les were collected, air-dried, ground, and analyzed for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S, B, Zn, Mn, Fe, ... |
101. Switchgrass Response to Nitrogen: Trade-offs between Quantity and QualityIn 2009 and 2010, a study was conducted at four loca tions in southwest Wisconsin to determine optimal nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and harvest timings for switchgrass quantity and quality. The study was conducted as a randomized complete bloc k, split plot design with five main plot treatments (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg ha -1 of N) and three split plot treatments (mid-fall, late- fall, and early spring harvest). Dry matter (D M) yields increased between 2009 and 2010 and were most often max... |
102. The Effect of Nitrogen Management in Winter Wheat on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping SystemNitrogen fertilizer management plays a critical role in nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in agricultural production systems. This study investigated the impact of nitrogen application in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) double cropping system on winter wheat biomass production, grain yield, and N₂O emissions. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Center (ARC), Carbondale in Southern Illinois University, IL using a Randomized Com... O. Ola, O. Guzel, K. Gage, K. Williard, J. Schoonover, S. Mueller, A. Sadeghpour |
103. The Effects of 40 Years of Tillage and Fertility Practices on Soil Organic Carbon and Fungal PopulationsSoil organic carbon plays an integral role in long-term soil productivity. In cultivated systems, potential productivity is directly related to soil carbon concentrations, highlighting the need to protect current organic matter levels and develop management practices that will enhance soils with declining soil carbon contents. There have been variable responses in soil carbon levels to both tillage and fertility treatments. Tillage alters the physical and chemical properties of the soil environm... |
104. The Impacts and Magnitude of N Loss from Midwest Cropping Systems: What can we do about it?(Blank Page for Notes) ... |
105. The Iowa Nitrogen InitiativeThe Iowa Nitrogen Initiative is a private-public partnership with a vision to provide Iowans with the best nitrogen science for the benefit of productivity, profitability, and environmental performance. We are working alongside agricultural service providers, farmers, and their advisors to design, execute, and interpret hundreds of coordinated on-farm, scientifically robust nitrogen rate trials every year. In 2024, we conducted more than 400 scientifically robust, fully replicated trials. Dat... S. Archontoulis, M. Castellano, M. Miller, M. Baum, R. Osman |
106. The Nitrogen Index as a Tool to Reduce Nitrogen Loss to the EnvironmentContinued population growth creates a need for increased productivity of agricultural systems around the world. Increased agricultural productivity will be needed to support a population that is anticipated to have an additional 2.5 billion people by the year 2050. Nitrogen was part of the 20th century�۪s green revolution. Nitrogen continues to be essential for the viability and sustainability of agricultural systems that are important for feeding the growing global population. It is well kno... |
107. The Three-Legged Stool: Nitrogen, Environment, and Crop ProductionNitrogen, crop production, and environment are interrelated. The presentation will discuss recent and ongoing studies in Minnesota aimed at understanding how to manage nitrogen efficiently to enhance corn production while minimizing negative environmental impact. Realizing that overemphasizing one component or underemphasis another creates instability, just like adding or cutting a piece of a leg in a three-legged stool, this research is trying to find the "sweet spot" where each of... F. Fernández |
108. The Use of Organic Soil Amendments for Winter Wheat Production in KentuckyMost animal manures are land-applied in the fall and spring after crops have been harvested or prior to planting. Surface application of manures in the fall have more potential for nitrogen (N) loss when applied to fallow land compared to land cropped to winter wheat. This study was conducted to determine the N availability of fall applied organic fertilizers and resulting wheat grain yields compared to urea-N fertilizer. The effects of three organic fertilizer sources and rate on wheat yield an... |
109. Tillage and Nitrogen Responses to Residue Removal in Continuous CornWith the growing interest in harvesting corn stal k residue for use as biofuel comes the need to examine how residue removal might affect yield a nd N needs of the subsequent corn crop. We are conducted an experiment over the past five years ( 2006 to 2010) at four Illinois locations (three in Mollisols and one in Alfisol) in which all, part, or none of the corn residue is removed, followed by tilled and no-till split within each residue treatment, a nd with N rates split within each residue-til... |
110. Tillage, Cereal Rye Cover Crop, and N Placement Effects on Corn and SoybeanAlthough conservation tillage and cover crops can improve soil health, producers are hesitant to adopt these practices due to concerns about potential yield reductions. We conducted field experiments for four years (2020-2023) near Urbana, Illinois, to explore how these practices affected corn and soybean yields. The experiment was conducted on a Flanagan silt loam soil, with corn and soybean following one another on two sides of the same field. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with four re... F. Rolle, G. Preza Fontes, D. Schaefer, E. Nafziger |
111. Updating Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potash Rate Recommendations (AGR-1) for Kentucky Grain GrowersFor UK soil test lab users, soil test phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) have been slowly declining for several decades, suggesting recommended ‘maintenance’ rates (initiated in 1992) were insufficient. Adjusting for modern grain P and K concentrations and increasing yield-driven nutrient removal, we raised corn, soybean and wheat maintenance rates by 10 to 20 lb P2O5 and 10 to 30 lb K2O per acre, depending on the individual crop. Corn nitrogen (N) rate recommendations had not ... J. Grove, E. Ritchey |
112. Using Soil and Tissue Testing to Predict Soybean Yield Response to Foliar Applied Micronutrients in IowaPrior research with foliar application of micronutrients for soybean has shown inconsistent yield responses in Iowa and the western Corn Belt. Iowa has no interpretations for soil or tissue tests for micronutrients in soybean. This study's objectives were to evaluate soybean plant-tissue and grain yield responses to foliar application of boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in Iowa. There were 22 field trials in 2012 and 21 in 2013, which were established in 20 counties and incl... |
113. Validating Potassium Fertilizer Guidelines in Alfalfa-corn RotationsIn 2008 to 2010, on-farm research was conducted on 10 fields with medium soil test K (STK) to validate Minnesota K fertilizer guidelines by determining the effect of K fertilizer applications on alfalfa yield and quality in its last production year, and estimating the carryover of excess fertilizer K to first-year corn. We were surprised to find that no K fertilizer was needed to maximize alfalfa yield or overall forage feed value and quality. Luxury consumption of K occurred because as K applic... |
114. Variability of Soil Test Potassium in Space and TimePotassium soil test may be highly variable within fields. In the western part of the North Central Region, where the history of K fert ilization is marked by low rates of K fertilizer and fields where K has never been applie d, natural variability of K is governed by clay content and landscape position. In areas where K fertilization has been high, man-made variability is more common. Man-made variability may be experienced as differences in historic rates within fields merged over years of own... |
115. Winter Annual Weeds Affect Nitrogen Availability for No-Till CornWinter annual weeds effects on nitrogen availability have not been adequately studied. The objective of this study was to determine winter annual weed s effects on nitrogen availability for rainfed no -till corn (Zea mays L.) following soybeans ( Glycine max L. Merr.). Field research was conducted in 2010-2011 at 14 sites with heavy winter annual weed pressure in eastern Kansas. A two -factor factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications included t hree her... |
116. Wisconsin's Nitrogen Optimization Pilot Program: Highlights and Successes of On-Farm ResearchAccurately determining nitrogen fertilizer requirements for crops is challenging due to the wide variability introduced by management practices and environmental conditions. Over-application reduces profits and negatively affects water quality, while under-application can prevent yield targets from being reached. Conducting field-scale, on-farm research is a practical approach to better estimating optimum nitrogen rates on a field by field basis. In 2023, Wisconsin’s Department of Agric... M. Schauer, M. Ruark |